Protracted Social Conflict in the Globalized World: The Newly Merged Tribal Districts (NMTDs) in Pakistan

Abstract


 
 
 The ̳Newly Merged Tribal Districts‘ (NMTDs) of Pakistan have been a historic conflict zone. The area was dragged into protracted social conflict (PSC) once again after Pakistan joined the US in the global war on terror (GWOT). Successful military operations and border fencing between Pakistan and Afghanistan have significantly restricted activities of militancy and terrorism in the region; however, a major problem in conflict management is foreign intervention and lack of development in the social sector in the region. The present study aims to explore the nexus between economy and governance, and its contribution to PSC, in the case of the NMTDs. It attempts to build a cross-sectional theoretical construct of structural realism, capitalism, globalization, and PSC by Edward Azar. The concept of PSC emphasizes that lack of governance and international linkages are predominating factors in PSC. The study identifies the absence of central power in the international system allowing foreign intervention in the region while using tools of globalization; thereby, in the context of NMTDs, the war economy was generated by beneficiaries of conflict. It further argues that the lack of development in the social sector and slow rehabilitation process in the region can undermine sustainable peace.