Proton-exchanged lithium niobate waveguides for Cerenkov second harmonic generation

Abstract

Proton-exchanged (PE) lithium niobate waveguides have potential value in application of photonics devices. First, we fabricate and characterize PE waveguides. With the increase of the content of lithium benzoate in benzoic acid as proton sources, proton-exchange process becomes slower. The relationship between the fabrication condition and waveguide parameters is established which is shown to be agreement with the experiments. We calculate the relationship between wavelength of pump beam and PE waveguide parameters from the theoretical model of Cerenkov SHG. Based on characterization of PE waveguides. We design a PE waveguide that is optimal for Cerenkov SHG in which we experimentally observe blue and green SHG.