Abstract
98% of the potassium in the body is inside the cells, fundamentally the musculoskeletal cells, while the remaining 2% is extracellular. The normal concentration of potassium in serum is 3.5–5.5mmol/l. Metabolic potassium disorders are some of the most common electrolytic disorders to be found in clinical practice, and they have a variable spectrum of severity. Hypopotassaemia and hyperpotassaemia cause alterations in the polarization of the cell membrane that leaves to a range of clinical manifestations, the most severe of which affect the cardiovascular system. Potassium regulation depends on intake, intra-extracellular exchange and elimination by the kidneys. After consumption potassium is absorbed in the small intestine and 90%-95% is eliminated in the urine and 5%-10% is excreted in the faeces. Knowledge of potassium regulation will be vital when establishing a suitable treatment for hypopotassaemia/hyperpotassaemia.
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