Abstract
Nosocomial pneumonia is the infection of lung parenchyma in patients hospitalized for at least 48 hours. The most significant risk factor is the need for endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. Patients who live in healthcare institutions can also develop this type of disease, as multiresistant pathogens are always present and are of considerable importance when establishing the treatment. Treatment should start empirically and then deescalate, directing the therapy based on the microbiological results obtained when the clinical suspicion arose due to the presence of fever, leukocytosis, purulent sputum and impaired oxygenation. The key to the diagnosis is the presence of a new, progressive and persistent radiological infiltrate, although this is not always easy to detect in the more critically ill patients.
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