Abstract

Respiratory failure entails the failure of the main function of the lungs: gas exchange. The diagnosis is made by means of an arterial blood gas test. Respiratory failure can be classified based on the time of onset as either acute, chronic, or acute-on-chronic. During aging, a series of physiological and anatomical changes occur in the respiratory system, such as the loss of lung function, which leads to older adults being more susceptible to developing respiratory failure. Tests such as an arterial blood gas test, a blood test, an electrocardiogram, and a chest x-ray are fundamental for making a diagnosis. Based on clinical suspicion, lung function tests, a tomography, or other tests may be necessary. Treatment must be aimed at improving the hypoxemia and hypercapnia as well as optimizing treatment of the underlying disease.

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