Protocolo diagnóstico y terapéutico de la hemoptisis en Urgencias

Abstract

Hemoptysis is the expectoration of blood from the lower respiratory tract. It is usually a self-limited event, even if mass can be a potentially fatal condition requiring the admission of the patient in an intensive care unit and performing diagnostic tests and emergency treatment. Before assuming that the source of bleeding is the lower respiratory tract, it should consider appropriate blood gastrointestinal or upper airway. The diagnostic evaluation should begin with a medical history and physical examination. The chest radiograph is essential and the first diagnostic test to be performed. Bronchoscopy plays a major role, and chest computed tomography and angiography serve as a complement and extension of diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities. Its management must be done in stages, prioritizing the protection of the airway and respiratory and hemodynamic stabilization of the patient, to ensure adequate gas exchange and cardiovascular function.