Abstract
IntroductionDiabetes is the metabolic disorder that is most often associated with pregnancy. Maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality decrease with adequate metabolic control and obstetric surveillance. EtiopathogenesisThe most characteristic physiological modification of glucose homeostasis in pregnancy is an increase in insulin resistance in 2nd and 3rd trimesters. Insulin secretion undergoes parallel changes. DiagnosisPregestational diabetes: standard criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO) or American Diabetes Association (ADA). Gestational diabetes: criteria of the National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG) as recommended by Grupo Español de Diabetes y Embarazo (GEDE). TreatmentNutrition therapy, physical activity and pharmacologic therapy according to each case. Pregestational type 1 diabetes: multiple-dose insulin injections (basal bolus) or insulin pump therapy. Pregestational type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes: initiate insulin if glycemic goals are not achieved.
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