Abstract
Lymphangitis is an inflammatory process of the lymphatic system of infectious or non-infectious cause. Cutaneous inoculation of microorganisms into the lymphatic vessels through a cutaneous defect or as a complication of a distal infection is the most common cause. The causative pathogens include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. The clinical manifestations vary (acute, nodular, filarial, non-peripheral, non-infectious, and other underlying and iatrogenic diseases). Clinical diagnosis is based on clinical history and physical examination. Etiological diagnosis is based on epidemiology, clinical features and analytical (ESR, CRP) and microbiological tests (smears, aspirate, or biopsies for bacterial, fungal, and mycobacterial cultures, even with prolonged incubation; serology, blood smears and molecular methods for specific infrequent organisms). Imaging techniques (lymphangiography and lymphoscintigraphy) allow the assessment of anatomical disturbances of the lymphatic system, but they do not provide information on etiology.
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