Abstract

Acute ileitis is an inflammation of the ileal mucosa, usually in the terminal ileum area. It is a disease often related to Crohn's disease. However, there are multiple causes that can give rise to ileal mucosal inflammation and making a differential diagnosis among these entities is often a challenge for clinicians. Within this diagnosis, autoimmune diseases, drugs, infections, environmental diseases, or neoplasms, among others, should be considered. Different radiological (abdominal ultrasound, computed tomography, etc.), endoscopic, histological, and laboratory tests (biochemistry or microbiology) in addition to a proper case history will help clinicians be able to guide patients, avoiding the use of drugs that are not indicated or a delay in starting treatment.

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