Abstract
Erythrocytosis is a quantitative red blood cell disorder characterized by an increase in red cell mass, usually reflected in an increased hematocrit. Once a reduction in effective plasma volume is discarded as the cause of the increased hematocrit (pseudoerythrocytosis), most cases are secondary to an increase in the levels of erythropoietin, which is a red blood cell stimulating factor synthesized by the kidney. The three main causes of this increase are: situations involving hypoxia (so common as tobacco abuse or lung diseases), impaired renal perfusion, and erythropoietin-producing solid tumors. In the few occasions in which erythrocytosis is a primary disorder, polycythemia vera is the main cause, with congenital cases being exceptional.
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