Abstract
Rice blast disease, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the major constraints to rice production, which feeds half of the world’s population. Proteomic technologies have been used as effective tools in plant−pathogen interactions to study the biological pathways involved in pathogen infection, plant response, and disease progression. Advancements in mass spectrometry (MS) and apoplastic and plasma membrane protein isolation methods facilitated the identification and quantification of subcellular proteomes during plant-pathogen interaction. Proteomic studies conducted during rice−M. oryzae interaction have led to the identification of several proteins eminently involved in pathogen perception, signal transduction, and the adjustment of metabolism to prevent plant disease. Some of these proteins include receptor-like kinases (RLKs), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and proteins related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling and scavenging, hormone signaling, photosynthesis, secondary metabolism, protein degradation, and other defense responses. Moreover, post−translational modifications (PTMs), such as phosphoproteomics and ubiquitin proteomics, during rice−M. oryzae interaction are also summarized in this review. In essence, proteomic studies carried out to date delineated the molecular mechanisms underlying rice-M. oryzae interactions and provided candidate proteins for the breeding of rice blast resistant cultivars.
Highlights
Food security is becoming a global issue, especially for staple crops such as rice, which has driven an increased focus on developing and improving approaches for crop protection
Further experiments suggest that jasmonic acid (JA) signaling is activated upon infection of biotrophic bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae and hemi-biotrophic fungal pathogen M. oryzae (Mei et al, 2006; Jiang et al, 2010; Yamada et al, 2012), indicating that the JA signaling pathway may play a major role in rice immunity against biotrophic and hemi-biotrophic pathogens, in contrast to Arabidopsis, where it is activated only in response to necrotrophic pathogens
Comparative proteomics studies of incompatible and compatible interactions between rice and M. oryzae provides an overview of important protein changes involved in rice resistance against M. oryzae, including energy metabolism, pathogen recognition, defenserelated proteins, hormone signaling, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and redox homeostasis
Summary
Food security is becoming a global issue, especially for staple crops such as rice, which has driven an increased focus on developing and improving approaches for crop protection. Further experiments suggest that JA signaling is activated upon infection of biotrophic bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae and hemi-biotrophic fungal pathogen M. oryzae (Mei et al, 2006; Jiang et al, 2010; Yamada et al, 2012), indicating that the JA signaling pathway may play a major role in rice immunity against biotrophic and hemi-biotrophic pathogens, in contrast to Arabidopsis, where it is activated only in response to necrotrophic pathogens. The major components involved in rice−M. oryzae interactions include resistance R genes and PRRs from rice, as well as effectors and PAMPs from M. oryzae. The mechanism of MSP1 and MoHrip1-induced PTI responses are elusive due to limited data, pointing to a need for further exploration to better understand these two recently identified PAMPs. Owing to the central involvement of R genes in ETI, more than 100 rice R genes conferring resistance to M. oryzae have been identified, 27 of which have already been cloned (Liu and Wang, 2016).
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