Abstract
BackgroundHymenoptera venom allergy is one of the most frequent causes of anaphylaxis. In its most severe form, the reaction to wasp and honey bee stings may be life-threatening. Therefore, immediate and proper diagnosis of venom allergy and implementation of suitable therapy are extremely important. Broadening the knowledge on the mechanism of the allergic reaction may contribute to the improvement of both diagnostic and treatment methods. Thus, this study aimed to discover changes in protein expression in serum of patients allergic to Hymenoptera (wasp and honeybee) venom and to point out proteins and peptides involved in the allergic inflammation.MethodsSerum proteomic patterns typical to allergic patients and healthy volunteers were obtained with MALDI-TOF (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight) mass spectrometer. The spectra were processed, analyzed and compared using advanced bioinformatics tools. The discriminative peaks were subjected to identification with liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.ResultsThis methodology allowed for the identification of four features differentiating between allergy and control groups. They were: fibrinogen alpha chain, coagulation factor XIII chain A, complement C4-A, and inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4. All of these proteins are involved in allergic inflammatory response.ConclusionsExtending the knowledge of the Hymenoptera venom sensitization will contribute to the development of novel, sensitive and specific methods for quick and unambiguous allergy diagnosis. Understanding the basis of the allergy at the proteomic level will support the improvement of preventive and therapeutic measures.
Highlights
Hymenoptera venom allergy is one of the most frequent causes of anaphylaxis
These obtained data has been statistically calculated with three chemometric algorithms: genetic algorithm, supervised naural network, and quick classifier
In the mass range of m/z 1000–10,000, the highest area under the curve (AUC) value was obtained for a peptide of m/z 6431.3, classified as discriminative for model based on genetic algorithm
Summary
Hymenoptera venom allergy is one of the most frequent causes of anaphylaxis. Immediate and proper diagnosis of venom allergy and implementation of suitable therapy are extremely important. Hymenoptera venom allergy, along with drug and food allergic reactions, is one of the most frequent causes of anaphylaxis worldwide. The first step in Hymenoptera venom allergy diagnosis is a detailed patient interview and medical examination which allows classifying the reaction: allergic or non-allergic, local or systemic. Patients with systemic reaction are classified for complementary diagnostic tests, as subsequent sting may cause even more serious consequences [3, 4]. Based on the clinical symptoms, results of diagnostic tests and quality of life, patients are qualified or disqualified for venom immunotherapy (VIT).
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