Proteomic De-Regulation in Cyanobacteria in Response to Abiotic Stresses.

Piyoosh Kumar Babele,Venkatesh Chaturvedi,Jay Kumar

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.01315

Piyoosh Kumar Babele, Venkatesh Chaturvedi + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01315

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Abstract

Cyanobacteria are oxygenic photoautotrophs, exhibiting a cosmopolitan distribution in almost all possible environments and are significantly responsible for half of the global net primary productivity. They are well adapted to the diverse environments including harsh conditions by evolving a range of fascinating repertoires of unique biomolecules and secondary metabolites to support their growth and survival. These phototrophs are proved as excellent models for unraveling the mysteries of basic biochemical and physiological processes taking place in higher plants. Several known species of cyanobacteria have tremendous biotechnological applications in diverse fields such as biofuels, biopolymers, secondary metabolites and much more. Due to their potential biotechnological and commercial applications in various fields, there is an imperative need to engineer robust cyanobacteria in such a way that they can tolerate and acclimatize to ever-changing environmental conditions. Adaptations to stress are mainly governed by a precise gene regulation pathways resulting in the expression of novel protein/enzymes and metabolites. Despite the demand, till date few proteins/enzymes have been identified which play a potential role in improving tolerance against abiotic stresses. Therefore, it is utmost important to study environmental stress responses related to post-genomic investigations, including proteomic changes employing advanced proteomics, synthetic and structural biology workflows. In this respect, the study of stress proteomics offers exclusive advantages to scientists working on these aspects. Advancements on these fields could be helpful in dissecting, characterization and manipulation of physiological and metabolic systems of cyanobacteria to understand the stress induced proteomic responses. Till date, it remains ambiguous how cyanobacteria perceive changes in the ambient environment that lead to the stress-induced proteins thus metabolic deregulation. This review briefly describes the current major findings in the fields of proteome research on the cyanobacteria under various abiotic stresses. These findings may improve and advance the information on the role of different class of proteins associated with the mechanism(s) of stress mitigation in cyanobacteria under harsh environmental conditions.

Highlights

Cyanobacteria are the first oxygen evolving organisms which have analogous photosynthesis machinery to higher plants and encompass the ability to fix atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and produce oxygen (O2)
The results suggested that the supply of ATP and NADPH was increased significantly, and the precursor malonyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA may be supplemented when 3-hypothetical proteins (HPs) was produced at a high level
Efficient protein extraction protocols and advanced proteomic tools/techniques for identification of novel/hypothetical proteins have been standardized in different strains of cyanobacteria for better knowledge on the molecular mechanism(s) of abiotic stress sensing and intracellular signal transduction in response to abiotic stresses

Summary

Introduction

Cyanobacteria are the first oxygen evolving organisms which have analogous photosynthesis machinery to higher plants and encompass the ability to fix atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and produce oxygen (O2). Proteins/enzymes play essential roles inside the cell such as they catalyze various metabolic reactions, function as the components of transcription and translation machinery, and regulate stress response at metabolome levels (Hihara et al, 2001).

Results

Conclusion