Abstract
Thrombotic diseases are usually preceded by a hypercoagulable state in the body. This study aimed to screen potential urinary biomarkers for hypercoagulable state based on proteome analysis. Wistar rats were administered with the hemostatic agent etamsylate to establish hypercoagulable state. Urine samples were collected for proteome analysis. We found 20 proteins with levels more than 1.5-fold in difference between control rats and model rats. We searched human homologs of 20 rat proteins and identified 13 human proteins. Of the 13 human homologous proteins, nine were members of human core urinary proteome. Human homologous proteins of differential proteins were highly expressed in 31 human tissues, especially in the kidneys followed by digestive system and reproductive system. Surprisingly, we did not identify known coagulation factors as differential proteins in the urine of model rats. Hypercoagulable state of the body may not involve direct changes in coagulation factors but causes the changes upstream of the coagulation cascade system. Common differential urinary proteins between different hypercoagulable states suggest some common pathways in the formation of hypercoagulable states and may serve as potential biomarkers for the prevention and treatment of thrombotic diseases.
Highlights
Biomarkers are widely used to indicate the changes associated with pathological processes (Jing and Gao, 2016; Jing and Gao, 2018)
The early stage of thrombus is known as “hypercoagulable state,” which is defined as a group of inherited or acquired conditions associated with predisposition to thrombosis, and the pathogenesis mechanism remains unclear
We found that activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) or coagulation time (CT) decreased significantly during the 1.5- to 3-h period (Figure 2)
Summary
Biomarkers are widely used to indicate the changes associated with pathological processes (Jing and Gao, 2016; Jing and Gao, 2018). Urine proteome has emerged as a novel approach to biomarker discovery (Gao, 2013; Li et al, 2014). A variety of factors such as gender, age, exercise, and diet affect urine proteome (Wu and Gao, 2015). Thrombus involves a series of pathological processes. The early stage of thrombus is known as “hypercoagulable state,” which is defined as a group of inherited or acquired conditions associated with predisposition to thrombosis, and the pathogenesis mechanism remains unclear
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