Abstract
Proteolytic enzymes are well known for catalyzing hydrolytic reactions. These enzymes fall under the group of large and complex, also known as proteases. Proteolytic enzymes mainly derived from microbial origin are favored because they have a short generation time, ease of genetic manipulation of microorganisms, and the availability of diverse species in nature. Macro fungi are significant and played an excellent role in degrading lignocellulosic compounds, such as mushrooms. They efficiently degrade cellulose and produce extracellular enzymes such as xylanases, cellulases, and ligninolytic enzymes. Furthermore, proteases play a significant role in fungi physiology, such as metalloproteinase, subtilases, aspartate, etc. Many worldwide researchers have reported the mycelial secretion of proteases from basidiomycetes. Thus, many protease extraction methods have been developed from the various categories of mushroom species, i.e., Pleurotusostreatus, Phanerochaetechrysosporium, Schizophyllum commune, Chondrostereumpurpureum, and Hypsizygusmarmoreus, etc. Furthermore, there is a high demand in the industry for specific proteolytic enzymatic activity. Numerous species of mushrooms have not been explored to date for the optimization and production of enzymes. Therefore, further detailed studies are required to expose the production mechanisms and application of proficient proteolytic enzymes from mushrooms. The present chapter will deliberately deal with proteolytic enzymes downstream processing and their various industrial applications.
Highlights
Enzymes are natural catalysts that evolve or require various biological processes and are utilized in various industrial applications
The species belong to orders of basidial fungi, Polyporales, Boletales, and Agaricales, which are reported to secret proteolytic enzymes
Protease from mushrooms involves endopeptidases, and exopeptidases act one after another as the former produces many free C and N terminal ends and latter act on the peptide fragments, forming the decomposed protein. This broad specificity is a significant property of the fungal secreted proteases and other proteolytic enzymes employed to break down proteins
Summary
Enzymes are natural catalysts that evolve or require various biological processes and are utilized in various industrial applications. Mushrooms are the known Basidiomycetes in the fungi group They have been used as food products for centuries as well as reported for their biological activity, among which, species of Pleurotus are globally known and valued as good food source and ease of cultivation. Mushroom bioactive compounds such as protein, vitamins. Enzymes, etc., are examined for their biological activity such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory antidiabetic, antiviral, antioxidant, hypocholesterolemic, antitumor, immunomodulatory, and hepatoprotective actions [17, 18] They are a good source of vitamins, protein, minerals, and very low fat content. Open new research relates to exploring downstream processing and economic aspects of mushroom proteases
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