Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly contagious virus of the coronavirus family that causes coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in humans and a number of animal species. COVID-19 has rapidly propagated in the world in the past 2 years, causing a global pandemic. Here, we performed proteomic analysis of plasma samples from COVID-19 patients compared to healthy control donors in an exploratory study to gain insights into protein-level changes in the patients caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and to identify potential proteomic and posttranslational signatures of this disease. Our results suggest a global change in protein processing and regulation that occurs in response to SARS-CoV-2, and the existence of a posttranslational COVID-19 signature that includes an elevation in threonine phosphorylation, a change in glycosylation, and a decrease in arginylation, an emerging posttranslational modification not previously implicated in infectious disease. This study provides a resource for COVID-19 researchers and, longer term, and will inform our understanding of this disease and its treatment.
Highlights
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a respiratory virus of the coronavirus family that causes coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in humans and a number of animal species (Swelum et al, 2020)
Our results suggest a global change in protein processing and regulation that occurs in response to SARS-CoV-2, and the existence of a posttranslational COVID-19 signature that includes an elevation in threonine phosphorylation, a change in glycosylation, and a decrease in arginylation, an emerging posttranslational modification not previously implicated in infectious disease
Other studies have extensively analyzed the proteomics and posttranslational state of SARSCoV-2 proteins during COVID-19 infection, but no one has as yet focused on the changes in the patient plasma proteome
Summary
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a respiratory virus of the coronavirus family that causes coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in humans and a number of animal species (Swelum et al, 2020). COVID-19 has rapidly propagated worldwide in the past 2 years, causing a global pandemic (see, e.g., (Novelli et al, 2021), for a recent review) This highly contagious disease causes respiratory symptoms that range from mild to severe, and is associated with a number of other serious health implications, including lung inflammation and damage, thrombosis, stroke, renal failure, neurological disorders, and others (Hanff et al, 2020; Schmulson et al, 2020; Troyer et al, 2020; Vakil-Gilani and O’Rourke, 2020; Harapan and Yoo, 2021; Ostergaard, 2021). Studies of the disease-related changes in the plasma appear highly promising as a tool that would enable better understanding of this disease progression
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