Protein-Energy Malnutrition in Beef Cows

Abstract

Lack of feed in sufficient quantity and quality is a common nutritional problem of livestock. The term protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) has been used to describe this condition and its resulting clinical syndrome. Deficiencies of protein and energy usually occur simultaneously in under-fed ruminants and often cannot be strictly separated. Energy intake is most severely restricted in noverall under-feedings; however, pure energy deficiency is usually complicated by protein deficiency. Similarly, primary protein deficiency (kwashoirkor) may occur under unusual feeding conditions but typically causes appetite depression with secondary energy deficiency. Vitamin and mineral stores are not usually depleted during underfeeding, since most are required in proportion to the energy metabolized. The focus of this presentation will be on primary PEM in beef cows rather than the much broader subject of secondary PEM.