Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate a Angelica sinensis polysaccharide aqueous extract as a preventive agent in experimentally induced urolithiasis using in- vitro and vivo models.Material and methods: Angelica sinensis polysaccharide was investigated in vitro to determine its antilithiatic effects on the formation and morphology of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals and was analyzed in vivo to determine its ability to prevent CaOx urolithiasis in rats subjected to ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis. Potassium citrate administration was used in the positive control group. The urolithiasis-related biochemical parameters were evaluated in the rats urine, serum and kidney homogenates. Kidney sections were subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses, and urolithiasis-related phospho-c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinase and kidney injury molecule-1proteins were evaluated by Western blot analyses.Results: Angelica sinensis polysaccharide exhibited concentration-dependent inhibition of CaOx crystal formation. The in vitro assay revealed significant inhibition of crystal formation (6.99 ± 1.07) in the group treated with 4.0 mg/mL Angelica sinensis polysaccharide extract compared with the control group (58.38 ± 5.63; p < .05). In vivo, after treatment with ethylene glycol for 28 days, urinary oxidative stress, oxalate, creatinine, urea and urolithiasis-related protein were significantly increased (p < .05), except for serum oxidative stress (p > .05). The rats administered the extract of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide showed significantly decreased pathological change and CaOx deposition (p < .05) compared with the urolithiatic rats. Significantly reduced levels of urinary oxidative stress, oxalate, creatinine, urea and urolithiasis-related protein were observed in the Angelica sinensis polysaccharide treatment groups (p < .05) compared with the nephrolithic rats.Conclusion: The results presented here suggest that Angelica sinensis polysaccharide has the potential to inhibit CaOx crystallization in vitro and may present anti-urolithiatic effects in vivo.
Highlights
Urinary system stone disease is a frequent disease that can adversely affect quality of life
These results showed the ability of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide to reduce the formation of calcium oxalate crystals
Increased urine oxalate levels were observed in group 2 and were subsequently reduced by Angelica sinensis polysaccharide administration, which indicated that Angelica sinensis polysaccharide could reduce the oxalate level
Summary
Urinary system stone disease is a frequent disease that can adversely affect quality of life. Various factors such as genetic factors, characteristics of the residential area and their effects on alcohol use, smoking, air pollution, dietary habits, metabolism and stress are considered to trigger its formation. Over the past two decades, clinicians have made advances in the management of urolithiasis following several techniques including endo-urological stone removal and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy [2]. These invasive procedures do not prevent the recurrence of stones and are costly. Shock waves may cause complications such as inflammation, ischemia, renal fibrosis, subcapsular hematomas and decreased renal function [3]
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