Abstract
The antioxidant effect of salidroside has been proven, but its role in liver injury is poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the protective effects and mechanism of salidroside on liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in vivo. Mice were pretreated with salidroside (60 mg/kg, intraperitoneally injected, i.p.) once per day for 14 consecutive days and then administered with CCl4 (15.95 g/kg, i.p.) for 24 h to produce a liver injury model. Salidroside attenuated hepatic transaminase elevation in serum and ameliorated liver steatosis and necrosis, thereby suggesting its protective effect on the liver. Salidroside antagonized CCl4-induced toxicity by equilibrating antioxidation system, thereby inhibiting reactive oxygen species accumulation, and restoring mitochondrial structure and function. Salidroside exerts antioxidant and liver-protective effects by selectively inhibiting the activation of genes, including growth arrest and DNA -damage-inducible 45 α (Gadd45a), mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 (Mapk7), and related RAS viral oncogene homolog 2 (Rras2), which induce oxidative stress in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. These results revealed that salidroside can protect the liver from CCl4-induced injury by resisting oxidative stress and protecting mitochondrial function.
Highlights
Salidroside (p-hydroxyphenethyl-β-D-glucoside, Figure 1) is an essence in Tibetan Rhodiola rosea L. that is a rare medicinal herb known as “ginseng from plateau” [1]
Livers were slightly swelled with a tense capsular, blunt edge, and low-gloss surface with the typical lesions of legible yellowish-brown spot-like steatosis due to CCl4
Salidroside and Diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG) alleviated the condition of livers to be slightly less glossy and showed mild steatosis compared with that of the model (Mod, CCl4 only) group
Summary
Salidroside (p-hydroxyphenethyl-β-D-glucoside, Figure 1) is an essence in Tibetan Rhodiola rosea L. that is a rare medicinal herb known as “ginseng from plateau” [1]. Salidroside has many pharmacological activities, such as free radical scavenging, cell membrane protection, nervous and cardiovascular system promoting effects, metabolism regulation, immune function improvement, and aging prevention [2,3]. Salidroside is a safe agent that can decrease the liver enzymes level and suppress inflammatory reactions in the serum to reduce pathological damage in concanavalina-induced liver injury. The protective effects of salidroside against furan-induced hepatocyte damage are due to its excellent ability to scavenge free radicals [5]. The radical-scavenging function of salidroside is mostly related to its aglycone in vitro antioxidant activity [6]. Zhang et al [7] reported that salidroside can alleviate hepatic steatosis in C57BLKS/Leprdb(db/db) mice with type 2 diabetic
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