Abstract
BackgroundOxidative stress is believed to be a root cause of various degenerative and fibrotic disorders. Dietary foods enrich in antioxidants can cure or curtail the progression of oxidative stress induced disorders. Fruit of Monotheca buxifolia is used locally for digestive and urinary tract disorders. We have evaluated the protective potential of the methanol extract of M. buxifolia (MBM) in rat exposed to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) toxicity.MethodsPowder of the dried fruit of M. buxifolia was extracted twice with 95 % methanol to get the extract (MBM). Presence of polyphenolic constituents was detected by HPLC-DAD (High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection) analysis. Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided in to six groups with six rats in each. Animals of Group I were kept control, while rats of Group II – Group V were treated intraperitoneally with 1 ml/kg body weight (bw) of CCl4 (30 % v/v; olive oil) 15 dosages in 30 days. Animals of Group III were orally administered silymarin (50 mg/kg bw) while Group IV and V with 200 and 400 mg/kg of MBM on next day of CCl4 treatment. Rats of Group VI were administered only with 400 mg/kg bw of MBM. Biochemical markers of the urine and serum were analyzed. Level of antioxidant enzymes, DNA damages lipid peroxides (TBARS), H2O2 and nitrite was assessed in renal tissues of rat. Histopathological changes in renal tissues of rat were also recorded.ResultsHPLC-DAD analysis of MBM indicated the existence of gallic acid, catechin, caffeic acid and rutin. MBM administration significantly alleviated the toxic effect of CCl4 in rat and decreased the elevated level of RBCs, pus and epithelial cells, specific gravity, creatinine, urobilinogen, urea and albumin while increased the pH and urinary protein. Increase in the level of urobilinogen, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urea and total bilirubin while decrease of albumin and total protein in serum was restored by the administration of MBM to CCl4 fed rat. Administration of MBM to CCl4 exposed rats significantly increased the activity level of phase I and phase II enzymes and GSH while decreased the level of TBARS, H2O2, nitrite and DNA damages in renal tissues of rat. Furthermore, histopathological alterations induced with CCl4 in renal tissues of rat were also diminished with the administration of MBM.ConclusionRestoration of various parameters induced with toxic insult of CCl4 in rat suggests the antioxidant and repairing potential of M. buxifolia fruit in kidney disorders.
Highlights
Oxidative stress is believed to be a root cause of various degenerative and fibrotic disorders
Thin layer chromatography of the methanol extract of Monotheca buxifolia (MBM) An amount of 50 mg of MBM was dissolved in 1 ml of methanol (HPLC grade) Analysis for thin layer (TLC) was performed with silica coated aluminium plates (20 × 20 cm)
The results indicated that MBM exerted very week toxicity (LC50 value of 4.019 mg/ml and 1.354 mg/ml) to brine shrimps at 12 h and 24 h interval of exposure (Fig. 1)
Summary
Oxidative stress is believed to be a root cause of various degenerative and fibrotic disorders. Dietary foods enrich in antioxidants can cure or curtail the progression of oxidative stress induced disorders. Traditional uses of medicinal plants have gained interest during recent years and a huge flurry of investigations have confirmed their therapeutic role in various ailments [1, 2]. It is an established fact that most of the ailments such as cardiovascular, cancer, diabetes, aging, and neuronal disorders arise due to the oxidative stress. Jan and Khan BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2016) 16:289 reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are perpetually generated as byproduct of the metabolic process. Under normal circumstances these moieties act as friends and mediate various physiological roles. The imbalance between oxidants and pro-oxidants can induce other metabolic responses to mediate the generation of secondary reactive species leading to cell death through necrosis or apoptosis
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