Abstract
Radicals derived from exogenous and endogenous sources are considered to be the principal cause of genetic damage. Exogenous and endogenous radicals participate in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, which leads to damages in the DNA, RNA, proteins and lipids. However, dietary compounds, mainly from pigmented rice, are an essential source of antioxidants that help protect cells from damage. This study seeks to determine the antioxidant properties and cytoprotective effect of two Thai pigmented rice extracts namely the glutinous black rice (native name: Neaw dum moa37) and red rice (native name: Hom gradung-nga57) on H2O2-induced damage in HT-29 cells. The bioactive compound contents, as well as antioxidant activities of both rice extracts, were investigated. The protective effect of rice extracts on H2O2-induced damage was executed following the co-incubation method. HT-29 cells were exposed to H2O2 and different rice extract concentrations for 3 h and an MTT assay was used to measure the viability of the cell. The ROS level was determined using the 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA). The result showed that glutinous black rice extract contained significantly higher contents of all analysed antioxidants and activities than red rice extract. Glutinous black rice showed a higher cytotoxic effect compared to red rice. At the non-toxic concentration of both rice extracts, the HT-29 cells were guarded against the H2O2 induced oxidative stress. Besides, the intracellular ROS accumulation result from H2O2 exposure was significantly reduced in the presence of rice extracts for both glutinous black rice and red rice compared to control. Hence, this study has demonstrated the potential properties of both pigmented rice extracts in alleviating H2O2-mediated damage in HT-29 cells.
Highlights
Radicals derived from exogenous and endogenous sources are considered to be the principal causes of genetic damage (Azad et al, 2008)
This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant properties and cytoprotective effects on H2O2-induced damage in HT-29 cells of two Thai pigmented rice extracts derived from Southern Thailand, Pattani local rice variety
The doses approximate to IC50 were used to examine the cytoprotective effect of both rice extracts
Summary
It is well-documented that free radicals involve in a large number of human ailments such as inflammations, cardiovascular and cancer diseases (Pham-Huy et al, 2008). The development of cancerous cells in the body is considered to be due to error accumulation in the genome over time (Golemis et al, 2018). Radicals derived from exogenous and endogenous sources are considered to be the principal causes of genetic damage (Azad et al, 2008). Endogenous and exogenous radicals participate in ROS formation that can lead to damages in RNA, DNA, lipids and proteins. Notably from pigmented rice, are a significant source of antioxidants that can nullify free radicals as well as have anti-cancer properties (Choi et al, 2013). Rice is considered to be an excellent source of phytochemicals which includes phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, tocopherols, tocotrienols, γ-oryzanol, Boonyanuphong and Tobgay / Food Research 6 (1) (2022) 27 - 33
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