Abstract
Gastric ulcer (GU), a prevalent digestive disease, has a high incidence and is seriously harmful to human health. Finding a natural drug with a gastroprotective effect is needed. Ocotillol, the derivate of ocotillol-type saponins in the Panax genus, possesses good anti-inflammatory activity. The study aimed to investigate the gastroprotective effect of ocotillol on acetic acid-induced GU rats. The serum levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO), the gastric mucosa levels of epidermal growth factor, superoxide dismutase and NO were assessed. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of gastric mucosa for pathological changes and immunohistochemical staining of ET-1, epidermal growth factor receptors and inducible nitric oxide synthase were evaluated. A UPLC-QTOF-MS-based serum metabolomics approach was applied to explore the latent mechanism. A total of 21 potential metabolites involved in 7 metabolic pathways were identified. The study helps us to understand the pathogenesis of GU and to provide a potential natural anti-ulcer agent.
Highlights
Gastric ulcer (GU), characterized by rhythmic burning pain in upper abdomen, often occurs on the surface of gastric mucosa with high incidence and could cause bleeding, stenosis, perforation and pyloric obstruction
The other receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated between model and H-ocotillol groups, indicating that all of the 21 metabolites contributed to ocotillol treatment (Figure 9B, Table 2)
Four kinds of lipid metabolism including glycerophospholipid, linoleic acid, sphingolipid and ether lipid metabolisms were found. i) Glycerophospholipid metabolism: The increased LysoPC (18:1(9Z)), which could induce gastric injury and ulceration by causing impairment of the gastric mucosal barrier [42], along with the increased PCs, were observed in the model group. ii) Linoleic acid metabolism: the model group had a reduced level of linoleic acid and PCs, which indicated that the gastric ulcer could perturb linoleic acid metabolism
Summary
Gastric ulcer (GU), characterized by rhythmic burning pain in upper abdomen, often occurs on the surface of gastric mucosa with high incidence and could cause bleeding, stenosis, perforation and pyloric obstruction. It is a kind of precancerous gastric cancer disease and plays a vital role in the occurrence and process of intestinal-type gastric cancer [1,2]. The main reasons for GU formation include infection of Helicobacter pylori bacteria, gastric hyperacidity, local ischemia or damaged barrier effect of the gastric mucosa [3]. 2.1.2.AAEssnsdshhooothwwennliniinn‐1FF(iiEgguTur‐r1ee)22aBBn,,CCd,,NaacciteerttiiicccOaaccxiiidddeccoo(uNullOdd)rreeLmmevaaerrlkksaaibbnllyySeccrhhuaamnnggee sseerruumm EETT-‐11 aanndd NNOO lleevveellss iinn tthhee mmooddAeellsggsrrhoououwppnccooimnmpFpaiagrreuedrdeww2iBtiht,Chth,taheceneontirocmramacliadglrcgooruuoplud(ppr(e
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