Abstract
Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of L-arginine (L-Arg) on renal damage induced by cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) toxicities in rats. Methods: Thirty-six healthy mature male albino rats were allocated into six experimental groups (n=6/group): control group, L-arginine group (L-Arg) administered 200 mg/kg b.wt L-Arg, cadmium chloride group (Cd) received 5 mg/kg b.wt Cd chloride, lead acetate group (Pb) received 25 mg/kg b.wt Pb acetate, L-Arg + Cd chloride group (L-Arg + Cd) received L-Arg 30 minutes prior to Cd chloride, and L-Arg + Pb acetate group (L-Arg + Pb) received L-Arg 30 minutes prior to Pb acetate. All treatments were given orally once daily for 15 days. Results: The results revealed that exposure of rats to Cd chloride and Pb acetate resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) increase in serum creatinine, urea, uric acid, and renal malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH) activities in kidney and induced histopathological alterations in kidney tissue. However, pretreatment with L-Arg attenuated all deleterious effects induced by Pb and Cd. Conclusion: The present results support the hypothesis that the amino acid, L-arginine, is an efficient antioxidant capable of minimizing the hazard effects of cadmium chloride and lead acetate on the kidney.
Highlights
Heavy metals, which are widely used to maintain living standards in the modern world and originate from natural and human resources, are common environmental contaminants and their pollution has increased significantly due to the continuous discharge of wastewater and industrial effluents (Duffus, 2002)
This study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of L-arginine (L-Arg) on renal damage induced by cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) toxicities in rats
Thirty-six healthy mature male albino rats were allocated into six experimental groups (n=6/group): control group, L-arginine group (L-Arg) administered 200 mg/kg b.wt L-Arg, cadmium chloride group (Cd) received 5 mg/kg b.wt Cd chloride, lead acetate group (Pb) received 25 mg/kg b.wt Pb acetate, L-Arg + Cd chloride group (L-Arg + Cd) received L-Arg 30 minutes prior to Cd chloride, and L-Arg + Pb acetate group (L-Arg + Pb) received L-Arg 30 minutes prior to Pb acetate
Summary
Heavy metals, which are widely used to maintain living standards in the modern world and originate from natural and human resources, are common environmental contaminants and their pollution has increased significantly due to the continuous discharge of wastewater and industrial effluents (Duffus, 2002). Because they are nondegradable, they persist in the environment; they have received considerable attention due to potential health and environmental risks (Jaishankar et al, 2014). World Health Organization (WHO) and the US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) ranked Cd in seventh and Pb in second place on the priority list of dangerous substances (ASTDR, 2018)
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