Protective Effect of Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol Isolated from Ishige okamurae Against Particulate Matter-Induced Skin Damage by Regulation of NF-κB, AP-1, and MAPKs Signaling Pathways In Vitro in Human Dermal Fibroblasts.

Lei Wang,Young-Sang Kim,You-Jin Jeon,Hyun Soo Kim,Seon-Heui Cha,Jae Young Oh,Jun-Geon Je

doi:10.3390/molecules25051055

Abstract

Particulate matters (PM), the main contributor to air pollution, have become a serious issue that threatens human’s health. Skin is the largest organ in humans, as well as the primary organ exposed to PM. Overexposure of PM induces skin damage. Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC), an algal polyphenol with the potential of skin protection, has been isolated from the edible brown seaweed Ishige okamurae. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the protective effect of DPHC against PM (ERM-CZ100)-induced skin damage in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) cells. The results indicated that DPHC significantly and dose-dependently reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species generation in HDF cells. In addition, DPHC significantly induced collagen synthesis and inhibited collagenase activity in ERM-CZ100-stimulated HDF cells. Further study demonstrated that DPHC remarkably reduced the expression of human matrix metalloproteinases through regulation of nuclear factor kappa B, activator protein 1, and mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathways in ERM-CZ100-stimulated HDF cells. This study suggested that DPHC is a potential candidate to protect skins against PM-induced damage, and it could be used as an ingredient in pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries.

Highlights

Particulate matters (PM) are one of the components causing ambient air pollution
ERM-CZ-100 significantly induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) cells, but DPHC remarkably reduced intracellular ROS levels in a dose-dependent manner (Figure 2B). These results indicated that DPHC effectively protected HDF cells against PM-induced cell death by reducing intracellular damage. (A) Protective effect of DPHC against ERM-CZ100-induced cell death and (B) intracellular
DPHC remarkably suppressed the phosphorylation of p38, ERK, and JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) in ERM-CZ-100-stimulated HDF cells (Figure 6). These results demonstrated that DPHC significantly inhibited the activation of NF-κB, AP-1, and MAPKs pathways induced by ERM-CZ-100

Summary

Introduction

PM are related to various diseases, including inflammations such as skin inflammation and lung inflammation, kidney diseases such as chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease, metabolic syndromes such as diabetes and obesity, as well as skin aging such as wrinkle formation [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. Skin is the largest organ in humans and the primary organ exposed to PM. A long-term exposure to PM causes many negative effects on the skin, such as oxidative stress, inflammatory response, atopic dermatitis, Molecules 2020, 25, 1055; doi:10.3390/molecules25051055 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules. The related studies have been done to investigate the relationship between PM and skin health, as well as to discover the agents that could protect or improve PM-induced skin damages

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Conclusion