Abstract
BackgroundPolysaccharides from seaweeds have been reported to possess biological activities with potential medicinal value. Present study was aimed to investigate hepatoprotective effect of crude sulphated polysaccharides extracted from Sargassum swartzii against acetaminophen-induced liver injury.MethodsThe polysaccharides from S. swartzii was extracted at room temperature and at 70 °C and named as EW1 and EW2. These fraction was given orally to rats at 200 mg/kg body weight. Liver injury was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of acetaminophen. Hepatic marker enzymes; alanine aminotransferases (ALT), aspartate aminotransferases (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), bilirubin and other biochemical parameters; glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, urea and creatinine were estimated in serum, while hepatic glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation were measured in liver tissue. Histopathology of liver tissues was also carried out.ResultsTreatment with polysaccharides EW1 & EW2 fractions significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the hepatic marker enzymes and other biochemical parameters along with increased GSH and reduced lipid peroxidation. The EW1 fraction of crude sulphated polysaccharides produced hepatoprotection more or less equivalent to silymarin (35 mg/kg), a commercial herbal drug, while some parameters showed better results than silymarin. These results were further confirmed with histology of liver.ConclusionThis study suggests that crude polysaccharides of S. swartzii has ability to protect against liver toxicity similar and/or better than silymarin (a standard drug) based on biochemical and histological findings. However toxicological studies would be recommended to evaluate any toxic effect of Sargassum swartzii.
Highlights
Liver is the vital organ and major metabolic hub of the body
The more potent activity was found in crude sulphated polysaccharides extracted at room temperature (EW1 fraction) of Sargassum swartzii with reduced Alanine aminotransferases (ALT) (33.3 ± 2.5), Aspartate aminotransferases (AST) (121 ± 12.5), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (47.6 ± 1.5), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (318 ± 10.5), bilirubin (0.76 ± 0.06), glucose (127 ± 7.5), triglycerides (108 ± 17.08), urea (38.6 ± 2.5) and creatinine (1 ± 0.1)
The rats pretreated with crude sulphated polysaccharides extracted at 70 °C (EW2) fraction of Sargassum swartzii showed hepatoprotective activity (Tables 1 and 2) but at lower extent
Summary
Liver is the vital organ and major metabolic hub of the body. An inflammation of liver cells is called hepatitis, if not controlled effectively may leads to chronic liver diseases [1, 2]. The. The marine environment is believed to be an incomparable reservoir of bioactive natural products, many of which exhibited structural features that have not been found in terrestrial plants [5]. In marine environment algae are of two types, microalgae and macroalgae [6]. Records showed that macroalgae (seaweeds) have been consumed in human diets as a vegetable in Asia, since 600 BC [7]. The Chinese used algae and seaweeds for medicinal purposes as early as 300 BC [8]. Polysaccharides from seaweeds have been reported to possess biological activities with potential medicinal value. Present study was aimed to investigate hepatoprotective effect of crude sulphated polysaccharides extracted from Sargassum swartzii against acetaminophen-induced liver injury
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