Protective Effect of Conventional Antioxidant (β-Carotene, Resveratrol and Vitamin E) in Chitosan-Containing Hydrogels Against Oxidative Stress and Reversal of DNA Double Stranded Breaks Induced by Common Dental Composites: In-Vitro Model

Abstract

Cytotoxic resin components of common dental bonding agents are known to cause oxidative damage and sup- press odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp cells. (1-4) As antioxidants were found to protect cells from cytotoxicity of resin monomers in previous studies,(5-8) we investigated the effects of common antioxidants, such as !-carotene, res- veratrol and Vitamin E on anti-differentiation activity of bonding agents without compromising bond strength. Methacrylate monomers used in dentistry have been shown to induce DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), a severe type of DNA damage. The formation of classical products of oxidative DNA damage, were studied using the UV-detection method. We found that exposure of 2'-deoxyguanosine, phenylalanine and 2'-deoxythymene to a commercially available dental composite restorative material (Esthet-X micromatrix restorative composite material) lead to various degrees of formation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8oxodG), tyrosine and 5-hydroxy-2'-deoxythymidine (5OHdT) as essential markers of oxidative DNA double stranded damage. The yields of 8oxodG, tyrosine and 5OHdT appear to be negligible in the presence of antioxidant containing chitosan hydrogels. We also extended the methodology to hydrogen atom transfer reactions of 2-bromo naproxen methyl ester and 2-bromoibuprofen methyl ester as important class of radical forming re- actions under blue light conditions and found that Gels play an important protective role under identical conditions Gels were characterized with SEM and the images incorporated. Conclusion: Antioxidant containing chitosan hydrogels may reduce detrimental effects induced by common composite re- storative agent in vitro and introducing additional therapeutic health benefits.