Protective Effect of Campbell early Leaf extract on Cardiovascular Dysfunction in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Abstract

The Campbell early is a grapevine that has neuroprotective, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and anticarcinogenic activity. However, the effect of Campbell early leaf on the cardiovascular system is yet to be ascertained. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of Campbell early leaf extract (CL) on cardiovascular remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Experiments were performed in rats and were randomly divided into the following groups: Wistar Kyoto rat (WKY), normal control group; spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), negative control group; SHR + Losa (positive control groups, losartan 10 mg/kg,) and SHR + CL (100 mg/kg). CL was orally administered daily for 4 weeks. The CL treatment significantly improved blood pressure, electrocardiographic parameters, and echocardiogram parameters compared to hypertensive rats. Additionally, the left ventricular (LV) remodeling and LV dysfunction were significantly improved in CL-treated hypertensive rats. Furthermore, an increase in fibrotic area has been observed in hypertensive rats compared with WKY. However, administration of CL significantly attenuated cardiac fibrosis in hypertensive rats. Moreover, CL suppressed the expression of high mobility group box 1, toll-like receptor 4, myeloid differentiation primary response 88, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, receptor for advanced glycation end products, and extracellular signal-regulated kinases induced by hypertensive rats, resulting in improved vascular remodeling. Therefore, these results suggest that CL can improve the cardiovascular remodeling in hypertensive rats, and the mechanisms may be related to the suppressive effect of CL on HMGB1-TLR4 signaling in the cardiovascular system. Thus, the protective role of the traditional herbal medicine CL may provide new insights into the development of therapeutic drugs on the development of hypertensive cardiovascular dysfunction.