Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the protection effect of SNEDDS piroxicam ulcerogenic agent against malondialdehyde (MDA) level and protein expression of caspase-3, COX-1, COX-2. The research was conducted using the test animals as much as 30 male white Sprague dawley (SD) rats aged 1-2 months with a weight of 100-200 grams divided into 5 groups. Treatment was given for 28 days orally. On the 29th day blood samples were also taken for the determination of MDA (Malondialdehid) levels by Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance (TBARs) method using a visible spectrophotometer. Rats were sacrificed, then gastric organs were taken for immunohistochemical testing of caspase-3 and COX-1 expression, COX-2. The statistical analysis showed that the piroxicam SNEDDS group and the piroxicam suspension group decreased expression of the caspase-3 protein, increased COX-1 expression, decreased COX-2 and significantly decreased MDA levels. The piroxicam-containing SNEDDS (Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System) form has protection against ulcogenic piroxicam.
Highlights
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) are the most commonly used drugs for analgesics, antipyretics, and anti-inflammatory drugs
This study aims to examine the effect of ulcerogenic protection of Self nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) Piroxicam on MDA levels, COX-1 expression, COX-2 and caspase-3 expression on Rat's stomach
The results show that the average transmittance value of three replications is 99.38% ± 0.23. This value is close to 100%, so it can be stated that the emulsion droplet in SNEDDS piroxicam formula has reached the nanometer size [21]
Summary
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) are the most commonly used drugs for analgesics, antipyretics, and anti-inflammatory drugs. One of the causes of gastric ulcers is the long-term use of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) [2]. Piroxicam can damage the gastric mucosa through two main mechanisms, topical and systemic. Topical mucosal damage occurs because the piroxicam is lipophilic and acidic, making it easier for hydrogen ions to enter the mucosa and cause ulcers. This cell damage is caused by oxidative stess that causes increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS can cause lipid peroxidation process [4]. Lipid peroxidation is oxidative destruction of long-chain unsaturated fatty
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