Abstract
During the research, non-traditional fodder crops that have high fodder productivity and adaptability to natural and climatic conditions of Trans-Baikal Territory were studied. The results of field and laboratory studies for 2014–2016 are presented on the cultivation of annual poaceous fodder crops – feed millet, Sudan grass and barley in single-crop sowings, as well as mixed with high-protein spring rape, in the forest-steppe zone of Trans-Baikal Territory. The research was conducted on meadow-chernozem mealycarbonate soil. Fodder crops were assessed by their adaptability to growing conditions and by a set of economically valuable characteristics. The possibility of increasing productivity and quality of fodder of poaceous agrocenoses by means of cabbage crops was established. Joint sowings of annual fodder crops: feed millet + spring rape, Sudan grass + spring rape provided the maximum collection of green mass – 24.4-25.9 t/ha, dry matter – 3.55-3.78 t/ha, feed units – 3.17-3.30 t/ha, digestible protein – 506-545 kg/ha, gross energy – 37.3-39.3 GJ., with a high supply of digestible protein to a feed unit – 160-165 g/k per unit. Mixed sowings of Sudan grass and feed millet with spring rape increased collection of feed units by 22.3%, digestible protein – by 86.8%, gross energy – by 18.5% compared to single-crop sowings. Barley, when cultivated under the same conditions, was inferior in productivity to feed millet and Sudan grass in single-crop sowings by 1.2-1.7 times, in mixed sowings – by 1.0-1.5 times.
Highlights
Forcitation:Andreeva O.T., Pilipenko N.G., Sidorova L.P., Kharchenko N.Yu
Fodder crops were assessed by their adaptability to growing conditions and by a set of economically valuable characteristics
Joint sowings of annual fodder crops: feed millet + spring rape, Sudan grass + spring rape provided the maximum collection of green mass – 24.4-25.9 t/ha, dry matter – 3.55-3.78 t/ha, feed units – 3.17-3.30 t/ha, digestible protein – 506-545 kg/ha, gross energy – 37.3-39.3 GJ., with a high supply of digestible protein to a feed unit – 160-165 g/k per unit
Summary
Андреева О.Т., Пилипенко Н.Г., Сидорова Л.П., Харченко Н.Ю. римого протеина на 86,8%, валовой энергии на 18,5% в сравнении с одновидовыми посевами. Ячмень при возделывании в одинаковых условиях уступал по продуктивности просу кормовому и суданской траве в одновидовых посевах в 1,2– 1,7 раза, смешанных – в 1,0–1,5 раза. В Забайкальском крае на одну условную голову заготавливают не более 13,4 ц кормовых единиц при норме 30–35 ц, что связано с низкой продуктивностью природных кормовых угодий и культур полевого кормопроизводства. Перспективность и ценность кормовых культур определяются не только их продуктивностью и высоким сбором протеина, но и устойчивостью к действию абиотических и биотических стрессов в конкретных агроклиматических условиях. В Научноисследовательском институте ветеринарии Восточной Сибири в процессе изучения различных культур и освоения некоторых из них в производстве выявлены перспективные для Забайкальского края растения: просо кормовое, суданская трава, ячмень и рапс яровой. Зерно проса – отличный корм для птицы, в размолотом виде его используют при откорме свиней и других животных. Цель исследования – изучить возможность повышения продуктивности мятликовых агроценозов в Забайкальском крае
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