PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRACTION ENGINES OF PASSENGER ELECTRIC VEHICLES

Abstract

Analysis of the history of the development of electric passenger cars shows that large-scaleindustrial production of electric transport began relatively recently, about 20 years ago. Given that the lifecycle of a passenger car average of 10-15 years, it becomes possible to assess the advantages anddisadvantages of operating various types of traction engines for electric vehicles.Analysis of the articles shows that most of the large manufacturers prefer to equip their electric vehicleswith permanent magnet synchronous traction engines. This engine most fully meets the main criteria for atraction drive, such as small dimensions, high efficiency, and reliability. However, 20 years of operationhave revealed several technical and economic problems associated with this engine.The main technical problem is the impossibility of regulating the magnetic flux and the impossibility ofturning it off during the emergency operation of the engine. In modern synchronous traction engines withmagnetoelectric excitation, this drawback had been nearly eliminated, but an analysis of the articles showsthat over time the reliability of its control system begins to decline.An economic problem is associated with the constant growth of the cost of permanent magnets. Thus forthe last 20 years, it has increased significantly.All this stimulates manufacturers to look for alternatives to this engine. They consider the synchronousreluctance engine with magnetization, the synchronous engine with electromagnetic excitation, and anasynchronous engine as such alternatives. Comparative analysis shows that these engines are cheaper thana permanent magnet engine, but they are inferior to it in compare to weight and dimensions, and reliability.The works on this matter will be continued in the coming years, that is why a revival of interest in DCtraction engine and synchronous inductor motors can be expected. Also of great interest is the work on thecreation of self-sensing (without the use of a position or speed sensor) control systems.