Prospects for the creation of a waste-free technology for wastewater treatment and utilization of carbon dioxide based on cyanobacteria for biodiesel production

Abstract

Current fresh water and energy shortage determines the need to study the possibilities of using living objects in bioenergy and environmental purification technologies. The development of waste-free technologies allows waste recycling, which saves raw materials and energy, in turn, reducing waste generation. The effect of different carbon dioxide concentrations and wastewater from households on the growth of cyanobacteria was studied in order to determine their capabilities in the purification processes. It was found that the optimal CO2 concentration for the cultivation of cyanobacteria Cyanobacterium sp. IPPAS B-1200 and Desertifilum sp. IPPAS B-1220 was 10 %, and for the Cyanobacterium aponinum IPPAS B-1201 – 5%. It was revealed that the cultivation of the cyanobacterium Cyanobacterium sp. IPPASB-1200 on wastewater from the water storage reduces the concentration of organic pollutants and, accordingly, improves the physicochemical properties of water. The cleaning percentage for selected pollutants was 68–100 %. It was shown that the most optimal ratio of wastewater to nutrient media for cyanobacteria cultivation were 25:75 and 50:50. The lipid content (%/dry weight) in the biomass of the studied strains of cyanobacteria ranges from 15 to 22% after cultivation in wastewater. It was determined that the strains of Cyanobacterium genus were the most suitable for the production of biodiesel according to their fatty acids composition. It was determined that lipids were composed of only saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. As a result of the studies, the optimal conditions for the growth of Cyanobacterium sp. IPPAS B-1200 were determined. This microorganism has a good potential to produce biodiesel as a producer of saturated and monounsaturated middle-chain-length fatty acids.