Prospects for selection-genetic studies of fruit crops

Abstract

Aim and task: to increase the efficiency of selection with a significant increase in the parameters of varieties in terms of adaptability, productivity and commercial quality of fruits by including in the breeding process genetic methods for assessing the gene pool and the impact on it. Methods. Assessment of the genefund was carried out according to the “Program and Methods for Variety Studies of Fruit, Nut and Berry Crops” (Michurinsk, 1993; Orel, 1995). Breeding studies were carried out according to the “Program and methodology for selection of fruit, nut and berry crops (Michurinsk, 1980; Orel, 1999). Statistical data processing was performed according to B.P. (1985) using the software package "Excel 7", "Statistica 10". An analysis of the scientific literature on genomic selection. Results. A phenotypic assessment of the gene pool of fruit crops obtained as a result of distant hybridization and experimental mutagenesis was carried out. The equations of multiple regression are constructed, correlation interconnections between productivity and biological, biotic and abiotic factors are revealed. The criteria of the model of the “ideal” cultivar are determined and a comparative assessment of the best cultivars with it is carried out. Genotypic assessment of the gene pool was performed using methods of hybridological analysis, differential staining and PCR analysis of chromosomes. Promising areas of genomic selection of fruit crops are considered. Main conclusions. As a result of joint work between breeders and geneticists on the basis of genomic selection of fruit crops, carried out in two interrelated directions using: genetic methods for evaluating breeding material and genetic methods for influencing the genotype of the original cultivars, the selection efficiency will be increased and new cultivars will be obtained that are complex biologically valuable traits will significantly exceed the best standard cultivars.