ALL-RUSSIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF FRUIT CROP BREEDING IS 175 YEARS

Abstract

The article presents the history of creation, formation and development of the oldest horticultural institution in Russia - Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding. For 175 years, the name of the institution has been changed many times, but its main activity - breeding of fruit crops-has remained unchanged. Currently, the Institute conducts full-scale breeding research on 15 fruit and berry crops, using classical and modern methods and techniques to create highly adaptive, competitive and environmentally sustainable cultivars. To date, 189 cultivars of fruit and berry crops have been created, of which 137 are included in the State register of breeding achievements approved for use. In 2014 the publication of the five-volume work of “Pomology” was completed, which presents a pomological description of cultivars of fruit, berry, nut and rare crops included in all regions of Russia in the State register of breeding achievements approved for use and best cultivars that are passing the state test. The Institute has three main departments of breeding and varietal agronomic practice of pome, stone and berry crops, as well as 8 laboratories. Employees of the Institute work in accordance with the program of fundamental scientific research developed by the government of the Russian Federation for 2013-2020, "State program of agricultural development for 2013-2020" - import substitution of fruit products and "Ensuring the conservation of plant genetic resources", and also actively work towards the production of healthy planting material of pure varieties for fruit and berry crops. The Institute actively works in the direction of international collaboration with major breeding institutions in Europe, Asia and North America, as well as promotes the results of its activities at annual scientific conferences and exhibitions of various ranks. The Institute is a holder of 3 Grants from the RSF and RFBR, as well as a participant in 4 International Projects: FruitBreedomics, VINQUEST, ECPGR PomeFruit_C&E, and DROUGHT. In conclusion, it is noted that the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding is able to set and solve important tasks in the direction of the development of domestic horticulture.