Abstract
Throughout human history infectious diseases have emerged to become global threats once in a while. Sometimes the previously established infections surfaced due to geographical extension or by increasing their transmissibility or pathogenicity while in other instances new infections have periodically emerged by transmitting from animals to humans. A proper strengthening of the existing health care system, disease surveillance, advancement in medical technology and healthy lifestyle is a must for controlling the future re-emergence of pandemics. Similarly, a deeper understanding of (1) key medical and social elements; (2) treatment and prevention options; (3) epidemic preparedness of the health care system; and (4) investing in ethno medicine research is necessary to prevent the future devastating pandemic emergencies.
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