Abstract
Cryptorchidism or undescended testes is a commonly observed congenital anomaly of male children seen in patients presenting in general and paediatric surgical practice of our region. Cryptorchid testes are observed unilaterally or bilaterally in one to ten per cent of male infants at birth1 and its incidence decreases to 0.8 per cent at the age of one year. Occasionally a truly cryptorchid testis descends spontaneously at puberty or in response to parental chorionic gonadotropin therapy , but this is not the rule and usually surgical exploration with orchidopexy or orchidectomy (in rare cases) is required. Cryptorchid testes are associated with varied pathological changes depending upon age at presentation, location of undescended testes and familial and genetic factors. In this study, we examined gross and microscopic changes in histological specimens of 146 patients operated in the department of General Surgery at Govt. Medical College Baramulla from Nov. 2014 to Dec. 2019 and concluded that most of the patients tend to present late for surgery especially in the rural settings of north Kashmir with consequent increased risks of malignancy and infertility.
Highlights
The term Cryptorchidism, derived from the Greek 'Cryptos', meaning 'hidden' is basically reserved for those testes that are truly obscure, usually within the abdominal cavity and 'incomplete descent' or 'maldescent' of the testis is the term reserved for those cases in which testis is arrested at some point in the normal course of its descent and is palpable on clinical examination; but in the present study 'Cryptorchidism' has been used as a general term to describe all types of undescended testes whether palpable or otherwise
Rashid S M et al Prospective Study of Gross and microscopic changes in 146 cases of Cryptorchid Testis late as in rural settings of north Kashmir have been observed to be associated with gross anatomic abnormalities and microscopic changes especially diminished germ cell counts (17-20) and malignant germ cell tumours . (21-30) The present study is focussed on the results of gross and microscopic alterations including malignant transformation in the testicular biopsy specimens of 146 cases of undescended testes belonging to various age groups operated at Govt
There was not a significant difference observed between the incidence of cryptorchid side to the age; the right side was involved in nearly one half (50.00%) of the cases studied, the left side in 38.37 % while in 11.64% of the cases, the cryptorchidism was bilateral
Summary
The term Cryptorchidism, derived from the Greek 'Cryptos', meaning 'hidden' is basically reserved for those testes that are truly obscure, usually within the abdominal cavity and 'incomplete descent' or 'maldescent' of the testis is the term reserved for those cases in which testis is arrested at some point in the normal course of its descent and is palpable on clinical examination; but in the present study 'Cryptorchidism' has been used as a general term to describe all types of undescended testes whether palpable or otherwise. Prospective Study of Gross and microscopic changes in 146 cases of Cryptorchid Testes at varied locations with particular reference to the incidence of Germ cell Tumors in Biopsy specimens.JMS 2020; 23(2):[26-31]. (21-30) The present study is focussed on the results of gross and microscopic alterations including malignant transformation in the testicular biopsy specimens of 146 cases of undescended testes belonging to various age groups operated at Govt.
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