Proprioception and Postural Stability of the Young Adult Human: Multifractal Analysis

Abstract

Postural analysis has been traditionally assessed using linear methods such as standard deviation to track postural variability, however postural adjustment during dynamic movement is a function of nonlinear interactions of multiple systems including sensorimotor and vestibular systems that require nonlinear analysis. Kinesiology tape promoted as a means of improving physical performance by enhancing proprioception rather than providing support to joints such as the ankle and knee. In order to investigate whether kinesiology tape effects postural control, participants were assessed performing a dynamic balance task, whereby center of mass data would be analyzed using multifractal analysis in a repeated measures design. To gauge the potential influence of different neurophysiological or mechanical adaptations to the adhesion of tape to skin, and not necessarily the properties of a specific type of tape, static tape was also assessed. Four individuals, free of injury, performed the Y Balance Test without tape, and with the application of static tape and kinesiology tape applied at the quadriceps, triceps surae and ankle. Both tapes were applied to the lower limb during separate testing sessions. All participants completed the Y Balance Test. Using the Y Balance test as a surrogate measure of proprioception influences postural control, multifractal dimension analysis was used to quantify the dynamic changes in the center of mass whilst undertaking the Y Balance Test. Statistical analysis included the Kruskal Wallis test to allow for non-normally distributed data and a Bonferroni corrected pairwise T test as a post hoc test to ascertain pairwise differences between the three conditions. Significance was set at 0.05. The fractal analysis of the dynamic changes in center of mass showed a typical multifractal, nonlinear spectrum with significant differences between the control and both taping conditions (static and kinesiology tape conditions, p = 0.021 and 0.09 respectively). Proprioception as part of postural stability is a nonlinear mechanism that plays a role in postural control. Both kinesiology tape can potentially improve proprioception at the ankle joint.