Abstract
BackgroundPatellar tendinopathy (PT) is an overuse injury of the knee. The mechanism of injury is associated with repetitive stress on the patellar tendon of the knee as a result of explosive movement. Patellar tendinopathy is prevalent in all populations and is associated with intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors.ObjectivesPrimarily, the objective was to report on the intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors for PT, entailing a systematic review of the literature; the secondary objective was to use these risk factors to compile a proposed PT screening tool from the review and standard outcome measures.MethodA systematic review was undertaken according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Elimination criteria of the articles included duplicates, titles, abstracts and methodological quality. The evidence was collected, characterised with regard to the intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors and summarised descriptively.ResultsThe search yielded 157 feasible articles prior to commencement of article elimination. Six articles were included with a mean methodological quality score of 69%. Eight intrinsic and five extrinsic risk factors were identified. These identified risk factors are all relevant to the pathology and formed the basis for a proposed PT screening tool. The Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment for Patellar Tendinopathy Questionnaire, Visual Analog Scale and the Pain Provocation Test are also included in the proposed test.ConclusionIntrinsic and extrinsic risk factors for PT were identified, and consequently, the proposed PT screening tool was formulated for possible future testing in appropriate studies.Clinical implicationsPrevention of PT through intrinsic and extrinsic risk factor identification, and implementation in the clinical setup as a possible outcome measurement tool with which to verify functional improvement in PT rehabilitation.
Highlights
Patellar tendinopathy (PT), an overuse injury (Reinking 2016) often referred to as ‘jumper’s knee’, commonly occurs in sports that involve jumping
In elite athletes the prevalence of PT is as high as 13% – 20% (Stuhlman et al 2016) and can even reach a percentage of 40% in elite athletes involved in sports with a high demand (Abat & Sanchez-Ibañez 2014) on the extensor mechanism of the knee (Steunebrink et al 2013)
This systematic review led to the identification of eight intrinsic and five extrinsic risk factors, with the results of these articles being discussed
Summary
Patellar tendinopathy (PT), an overuse injury (Reinking 2016) often referred to as ‘jumper’s knee’, commonly occurs in sports that involve jumping. The mechanism of injury is associated with continuous and repetitive stress on the patellar tendon of the knee (Celebi et al 2016) resulting from explosive movement (Van Ark et al 2016). This pathology occurs in all populations (Celebi et al 2016), with an estimated prevalence of 8.5% in recreational athletes who usually have a less intense training regimen (Vetrano et al 2013). Patellar tendinopathy is prevalent in all populations and is associated with intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors
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