Abstract

ํ˜„ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ์ (์˜ˆ: ๋„๋•์  ํƒ€๋ฝ, ์˜์  ๊ฒฐํ•จ, ๊ถŒ์œ„์˜ ๊ฒฐํ• ํ˜น์€ ๋‚จ์šฉ ๋“ฑ) ์ƒํ™ฉ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ, ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์„ฑ์„œ์  ์„ ์ง€์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋„๋“ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ˆ˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™•์ฆ๋œ ์„ ์ง€์ž์ (prophetic) ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ •์˜๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ(influence)์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ •์˜๋˜๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜(power base)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•จ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜๋“ค(์˜ˆ: ํž˜, ์„ค๋“๋ ฅ, ์กฐ์ž‘, ๊ถŒ์œ„) ์ค‘์—์„œ ๊ถŒ์œ„(authority)๋Š” ๊ถŒํ•œ(right) ํ˜น์€ ํŠน๊ถŒ(privilege)์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋“ค๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ณ„๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”์šฑ์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ถŒ์œ„์˜ ํƒ€์ž…๋“ค(์˜ˆ: ๊ฐ•์••์ , ์œ ๋„์ , ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์ , ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ , ์œ ๋Šฅํ•œ, ๊ฐœ์ธ์ , ์˜์ ) ์ค‘์—์„œ ์˜์ ๊ถŒ์œ„(spiritual authority)๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์  ๊ถŒ์œ„๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜ ์•ˆ์—์„œ, ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์˜ˆ์ˆ˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์ถœ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š”๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์œ„์ž„๋œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„์˜ ๊ถŒ์œ„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฑฐํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„์˜ ์ž„์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ถŒ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ •๋‹นํ™” ํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์˜์  ๊ถŒ์œ„๋Š” ๋ฆฌ๋”๋“ค๊ณผ ์ถ”์ข…์ž๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„์˜ ์ตœ์ข… ๊ถŒ์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ˆœ๋ณตํ•จ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต ๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค์ด ์˜์  ๊ถŒ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋กœ ํ•˜์–‘-์ง€์‹œ์  ๊ถŒ์œ„ ์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„, ๋˜๋Š” ์™ธํ–ฅ-์ง€ํ–ฅ์  ์‚ฌ์—ญ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฆฌ๋”์™€ ์ฃผ๋‹˜๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฆฌ๋”์™€ ์ถ”์ข…์ž๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋” ๋น„์ค‘์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๋‹˜ ์•ž์—์„œ ๋ฆฌ๋”์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต๋ณด๋‹ค ์˜์  ์ง€์‹œ๋‚˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฆฌ๋”์˜ ์ง์ฑ…๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ๋” ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์ด ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”, ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์˜์  ๊ถŒ์œ„์  ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์€ ์„ฑ์„œ์  ํƒ€์ž…์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ์ธ๋ฐ, ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์  ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด๋‹ค. ์˜์  ๊ถŒ์œ„๋Š” ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ฆฌ๋”๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜/๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณธ๋ถ„์„ ์ถฉ์‹คํžˆ ๋‹คํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„ฑ์„œ์  ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์˜์  ๊ถŒ์œ„์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ์›Œ์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค (๊ณ ์ „ 3: 11). ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์•ฝ์˜ ์„ ์ง€์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์‹ ์•ฝ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋„๋“ค ์œ„์ฃผ๋กœ ์„ธ์›Œ์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค (์—ก 2:20). ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์˜์  ๊ถŒ์œ„์˜ ์„ฑ์„œ์  ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์•ฝ์˜ ์„ ์ง€์ž๋“ค๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด, ์‹ ์•ฝ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋„๋“ค๋กœ ์ง€์†๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์™„์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ์„ ์ง€์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋„๋“ค์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ฑ์„œ์  ์šฉ์–ด(nabi, roeh, hozeh, ish Elohim, ebed Yahweh, malak Yawheh, apostolos)์™€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„์˜ ์„ ํƒ๋œ ํ˜ธ์นญ(์•„๋“ค, ์ข…, ์„ ์ง€์ž, ์‚ฌ๋„)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค: (1) ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๊ณผ์˜ ์นœ๋ฐ€๊ฐ; (2) ๊ณ„์‹œ์  ์ง„๋ฆฌ; (3) ์ดˆ์ž์—ฐ์  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ; (4) ์†Œ๋ช…๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ช…; (5) ๊ถŒ์œ„์™€ ์ˆœ์ข…; (6) ๊ฒฝ๊ฑด์˜ ์„ฑํ’ˆ; (7) ๊ณ ๋‚œ. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ๋“ค ์ค‘์—, ์„ฑ์„œ์  ์„ ์ง€์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋„๋“ค์˜ ์˜์  ๊ถŒ์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฃผ๋‹˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์†Œ๋ช…๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ช…์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ์ฒดํ—˜์ด๋‹ค. ์†Œ์œ„ ์†Œ๋ช…/์‚ฌ๋ช…์˜ ๋‚ด๋Ÿฌํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ(prophetic call / commission narrative) - ๋ชจ์„ธ(์ถœ 3:1-4:17); ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์—˜(์‚ผ์ƒ 3:1-14); ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•ผ(์žฌ์‚ฌ๋ช…- ์™•์ƒ19:1-18); ์ด์‚ฌ์•ผ(์‚ฌ 6:1-13); ์˜ˆ๋ ˆ๋ฏธ์•ผ(๋ ˜ 1:4-10); ์—์Šค๊ฒ”(๊ฒ” 1:1-3:15); ์•ผํ›ผ์˜ ์ข…(์‚ฌ 40:1-10; 42:1-7; 49:1-6; 61:1-3); ์˜ˆ์ˆ˜(๋ˆ… 3:21-22; 4:18-19); ์—ด๋‘ ์ œ์ž(๋งˆ 10:1-2; ๋ง‰ 3:13-15; ๋ˆ… 6:12-13); ๋ฐ”์šธ(๊ฐˆ 1:19-20; ํ–‰ 9:3-13; 22:6-14; 26:13-17); ์š”ํ•œ (๊ณ„ 1:9-3:22; 4-5์žฅ) - ์˜ ๋ถ„์„์€ ์ฃผ๋‹˜์„ ๋Œ€๋ฉดํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ๋ช…์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋˜ ์ข…๋“ค์˜ ๊ถŒ์œ„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์‹ค์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋‹˜์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ์ฃผ๋‹˜์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง์ ‘ ์†Œ๋ช…/์‚ฌ๋ช…์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์˜์  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•จ์„ ์ฒดํ—˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹ ์  ์‚ฌ๋ช…/์œ„์ž„์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€(์ฆ‰ ์„ ์ง€์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋„๋“ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€)์€ ์ „์ฒด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„์˜ ๋ชธ, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์  ๊ตํšŒ, ์ง€์—ญ ๊ตํšŒ, ์˜์  ๋ฆฌ๋”, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ ๊ต์ธ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์˜์  ๊ถŒ์œ„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๋˜์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์‚ถ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์—ญ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์†Œ๋ช…/์‚ฌ๋ช…์˜ ๊ทผ์›์ด ๋˜์‹œ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋‹˜๊ป˜ ์ฑ…์ž„๊ณผ ๋ณธ๋ถ„์„ ๋‹คํ•˜๋Š” ์„ ์ง€์ž์  ์ข…๋“ค๋กœ ๋ถ€๋ฅด์‹ฌ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค.

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