Abstract

One of the main advantages of warm mix asphalt (WMA) used as an alternative to conventional hot mix asphalt (HMA), is to reduce mixing and compaction temperatures. This laboratory study was conducted with the aim of determining physical properties of WMA mixes produced using foam bitumen technology (WMA–Foam), while applying different mixing and compaction temperatures. The effect of laboratory compaction method on mix properties was also investigated. WMA–Foam mixes were produced, adding a soft bitumen to coarse aggregate particles at the first stage, then a hard bitumen, transformed into foam bitumen using a laboratory foam making device, was directly added to aggregates at the next stage. Compaction was performed separately applying both Marshall and gyratory compactors (GC) at different temperatures. Marshall Stability and void contents of the samples were determined as two major parameters for characterizing WMA–Foam mixes. Moisture susceptibility and rutting potential of WMA–Foam samples were evaluated using indirect tensile strength (ITS) and wheel tracking tests. In addition, separate samples were prepared, in which hydrated lime powder was added as an anti-stripping agent to improve adhesion properties of the mixes. Comparing the results of WMA–Foam mixes with control HMA of the same content, resulted in mixes with similar properties of the control HMA, with appreciably lower production and compaction temperatures of the former. It was also resulted that mixes compacted with gyratory compactor were less sensitive to temperature variations than those compacted with Marshall Hammer. Santrauka Pagrindinis šiltai maišyto asfalto mišinių privalumas, lyginant su įprastiniais karštai maišyto asfalto mišiniais, yra galimybė sumažinti asfalto mišinio maišymo ir tankinimo temperatūras. Šio laboratorinio tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti šiltai maišyto asfalto mišinių, gaminamų pagal putoto bitumo technologiją (WMA-Foam), fizines savybes taikant skirtingas maišymo ir tankinimo temperatūras. Taip pat buvo tirtas skirtingų laboratorinių tankinimo metodų poreikis asfalto mišinio savybėms. WMA-Foam technologijos mišiniai gaminti pirmame etape į stambiąsias mineralines medžiagas dedant minkštąjį bitumą, o kitame etape – kietajį bitumą specialiu laboratoriniu putojimo įrenginiu pavertus putotu bitumu dedant į pirmame etape paruoštas mineralines medžiagas. Tankinta atskirai Maršalo plūktuvu ir giratoriaus presu skirtingose mišinio temperatūrose. Maršalo bandinių pastovumas ir oro tuštumų skaičius buvo nustatyti kaip du pagrindiniai WMA-Foamtechnologijos mišinius charakterizuojantys parametrai. WMA-Foam technologijos bandinių jautrumas vandeniui ir atsparumas provėžų susidarymui buvo vertinti pagal netiesioginio tempimo jėgos ir rato riedėjimo vėžės nustatymo bandymus. Keletas bandinių papildomai buvo pagaminti su gesintosiomis kalkėmis, t. y. asfalto mišinio sukibimą gerinančiu priedu. Lyginant WMA-Foam technologijos ir karštai maišyto asfalto mišinių bandymų rezultatus nustatyta, kad identiškos sudėties WMA-Foam technologijos mišinių savybės yra panašios į karštai maišyto asfalto mišinių savybes, tačiau jos pasiekiamos pastebimai žemesnėse maišymo ir tankinimo temperatūrose. Taip pat nustatyta, kad asfalto mišinio bandiniai, pagaminti giratoriaus presu, buvo ne tokie jautrūs gamybos temperatūros kitimui, lyginant su bandiniais, pagamintais Maršalo plūktuvu.

Highlights

  • Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) can be produced applying different methods, namely, using additives, bitumen emulsion or foam bitumen

  • Compaction temperature was mostly depended to the adopted compaction method

  • Based on the specification limits for Marshall Stability and voids content (Table 7), gyratory compactors (GC) WMA– Foam mixes can be compacted at 80 °С in order to achieve the required limits

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Summary

Introduction

Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) can be produced applying different methods, namely, using additives, bitumen emulsion or foam bitumen. Chemical additives were tested by Barreto et al (2008). Hydrophilic materials, such as zeolite, added to bitumen, were tested by Devivere et al (2003), Hurely and Prowel (2006) and Wasiuddin et al (2007). And Prowel (2006) used bitumen emulsion for preparing WMA mixes. Larsen and Robertus (2005), Johnston et al (2006), Romier et al (2006) and Wielinski et al (2009) converted bitumen into foam to prepare WMA–Foam mixes And Prowel (2006) used bitumen emulsion for preparing WMA mixes. Larsen and Robertus (2005), Johnston et al (2006), Romier et al (2006) and Wielinski et al (2009) converted bitumen into foam to prepare WMA–Foam mixes

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