Abstract
AbstractWe review the properties of the strongly interacting quark‐gluon plasma (QGP) at finite temperature and baryon chemical potential as created in heavy‐ion collisions at ultrarelativistic energies. The description of the strongly interacting (non‐perturbative) QGP in equilibrium is based on the effective propagators and couplings from the Dynamical QuasiParticle Model (DQPM) that is matched to reproduce the equation‐of‐state of the partonic system above the deconfinement temperature from lattice QCD. Based on a microscopic transport description of heavy‐ion collisions, we discuss which observables are sensitive to the QGP creation and its properties.
Highlights
An understanding of the structure of our universe is an intriguing topic of research in our Millennium, which combines the efforts of physicists working in different fields of astrophysics, cosmology and heavy-ion physics (Strassmeier et al, 2019)
The common theoretical efforts and modern achievements in experimental physics allowed to make a substantial progress in understanding the properties of the nuclear matter and extended our knowledge of the QCD phase diagram which contains the information about the properties of our universe from the early beginning – directly after the Big Bang – when the matter was in a quark-gluon plasma (QGP) phase at very high temperature and practically zero baryon chemical potential, to the later stages of the universe, where in the expansion phase stars and galaxies have been formed
E.g. at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) or the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) – provide the possibility to reproduce on Earth the conditions closer to the Big Bang, when the matter was in a QGP phase of unbound quarks and gluons at very high temperature and almost vanishing
Summary
An understanding of the structure of our universe is an intriguing topic of research in our Millennium, which combines the efforts of physicists working in different fields of astrophysics, cosmology and heavy-ion physics (Strassmeier et al, 2019). Program at RHIC aims to find the critical point and the phase boundary by scanning the collision energy (Kumar, 2011; Mohanty, 2011) New facilities such as FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research) and NICA (Nuclotronbased Ion Collider fAcility) are presently under construction; they will explore the intermediate energy regime of rather large baryon densities and moderate temperatures where one might study the competition between chiral symmetry restoration and deconfinement as advocated in Refs. (Ozvenchuk, Linnyk, Gorenstein, Bratkovskaya, & Cassing, 2013) and employed in the previous PHSD studies, and on chemical potential and center-of-mass energy of colliding partons √ and their angular distributions explicitly (Moreau, 2019; Moreau et al, 2019) Within this extended approach we have studied the ‘bulk’ observables such as rapidity distributions and transverse momentum spectra in heavy-ion collisions from AGS (Alternating Gradient Synchrotron) to RHIC energies for symmetric and asymmetric (light + heavy nuclear) systems. In this work we study the properties of the QGP created in heavy-ion collisions and show the time evolution of the ( , ) distribution, as probed in HICs, and relate it to observables such as multiplicities and collective flow ( 1, 2) coefficients
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