Abstract
Mitochondria play a critical role in maintaining cellular function by ATP production. In addition to its role in energy production...
Highlights
Mitochondria play a critical role in maintaining cellular function by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production
In addition to its role in energy production and metabolism, mitochondria play a major role in apoptosis, oxidative stress, and calcium homeostasis
Mitochondrial derived peptides (MDPs) are regulators of metabolism and various studies have shown that MDPs exerted cytoprotective effects through anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory responses and anti-apoptosis [2,3]
Summary
Mitochondria play a critical role in maintaining cellular function by ATP production. It is possible that marked increase in ROS levels may act to recruit HN from several tissues in the body to damaged areas In these conditions, HN exerts an antioxidative stress action; this effect could preserve cell survival. One of the major factors contributing to cell death, plays an important role in the inflammatory process of atherosclerosis In this field, a study showed that in a cell culture model using human amniotic epithelial cells, pre-treatment with HN attenuated OxLDL-induced ROS formation and apoptosis by 50% [22]. A study investigated HN and MOTS-c protein expression in skeletal muscle and serum levels in advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and age-matched controls with normal renal function. KLF2 protects against EC injury through its anti-inflammatory effects to maintain the normal vascular integrity [50]
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