Abstract
Denture stomatitis triggered by Candida species requires better preventive measures. This study evaluated the physical and biological properties of a denture base acrylic resin after immersion in antiseptic soaps. Acrylic resin specimens were prepared and stored in distinct solutions for 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The solutions were as follows: DW: distilled water at 37°C (control group); DS: cycles of daily immersion in Dettol soap for 8 hours at room temperature, followed by immersion in distilled water for 16 hours at 37°C; PS: cycles of daily immersion in Protex soap, as described for the previous group; LS: cycles of daily immersion in Lifebuoy soap, as described for the DS group. The parameters evaluated at each time point were the following: biofilm formation capacity by Candida albicans and reduction of preformed fungal biofilms, cytotoxicity, surface roughness, hardness, and color change. For the fungal adhesion phase, the type of soap had a statistically significant effect (p = 0.0292), but after 24 hours, no differences were found between solutions or between storage times. Regarding the efficacy of biofilm reduction, there was a significant difference when the groups were compared to each other (p = 0.014). Dettol and Lifebuoy eliminated the preformed biofilm on the specimens. Moreover, all the soaps were classified as non-cytotoxic (on HaCaT cell line) because there was no difference in cell viability between the different groups, except after 21 days, when a decrease in cell viability occurred, regardless of the type of soap. Regarding the roughness, there was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) between the groups. Lifebuoy decreased resin hardness regardless of storage time (p = 0.003). After 21 and 28 days of storage, there was an increase in hardness value, regardless of the type of soap. The specimens’ color, according to the National Bureau of Standards values, ranged from 0.27 to 0.58 (i.e., imperceptible or mild color changes). In general, the disinfectant soaps were not able to prevent biofilm formation, but all the soaps were effective in reducing the preformed biofilm. In addition, all soaps were non-cytotoxic and did not change surface roughness, hardness (except Lifebuoy), and color (except Lifebuoy). Therefore, immersion in two antiseptic soaps (Protex and Dettol) may be a cheap and easy procedure for preventing denture stomatitis.
Highlights
Ill-fitting dentures, continuous prostheses use, and local and systemic conditions such as xerostomia and diabetes are predominant factors in the pathology of denture stomatitis [1,2,3,4,5,6], which is an inflammatory condition of extremely variable etiology, considered multifactorial, found most frequently in patients wearing dentures
The adhesion of microorganisms, mainly the Candida species, to the inner surface of the denture bases is considered a main factor in the appearance of this alteration
Physical and biological properties of a denture base acrylic resin after immersion in antiseptic soaps both assays (CFU and Alamar Blue), the results showed no difference between solutions, with biofilm formation having occurred in all groups
Summary
Ill-fitting dentures, continuous prostheses use, and local and systemic conditions such as xerostomia and diabetes are predominant factors in the pathology of denture stomatitis [1,2,3,4,5,6], which is an inflammatory condition of extremely variable etiology, considered multifactorial, found most frequently in patients wearing dentures. The adhesion of microorganisms, mainly the Candida species, to the inner surface of the denture bases is considered a main factor in the appearance of this alteration. Hygiene care is an important aspect of the oral health maintenance of denture wearers [7,8] and can be performed mechanically, chemically, or by a combination of both [9]. The most common mechanical procedure for removal of the biofilm on the surfaces of the prostheses used by the patients is brushing with soap or dentifrice [7]. The effective removal of the biofilm by the brushing is considered doubtful because the base surfaces of the prostheses are irregular and porous. Brushing is the most widely used method, patients with compromised motor coordination have difficulty performing this procedure adequately [9,10]
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