Abstract
Open graded friction course (OGFC) is a high permeable mixture used to reduce noise, improve friction. However, limitations with the use of OGFC are due to the relatively low strength and stiffness. Therefore, investigating environmental and economic benefits, as well as service life of OGFC technology is the future of the pavement. In this study, a new modified OGFC (SM-OGFC) was prepared by replacing the fine aggregate below 4.75 mm in OGFC with the oil shale waste (OSW), and the silane coupling agent modifier was used to assist modification. The preparation process of SM-OGFC was optimized by central composite design, to obtain an SM-OGFC with the best mechanical properties. The Marshall test, rutting test, −15 °C splitting test, −10 °C beam bending test, immersion Marshall test, spring-thawing stability test, Cantabro test and permeability test were conducted to evaluate the properties of SM-OGFC. The results prove that SM-OGFC has excellent overall performance in comparison with OGFC and styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modified OGFC. Furthermore, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observation illustrates that the unique laminar columnar connected structure and cell-like structure antennae of OSW could be the main reasons why SM-OGFC obtained excellent performance. Furthermore, economic analysis indicated that the SM-OGFC mixture had higher cost effectiveness.
Highlights
The pavement community is actively using sustainable pavement options, such as extending pavement life to reduce life-cycle cost and work zones, increasing usage of recycled material, and industrial by-product, improving pavement surface characteristics for high skid resistance and low noise [1]
The preparation process of SM-Open-graded friction course (OGFC) was optimized by central composite design (CCD) to obtain a SM-OGFC with the best mechanical properties
High-temperature mechanical test, low-temperature mechanical test, water stability test, raveling test and permeability test are adopted to evaluate the comprehensive ability of SM-OGFC
Summary
The pavement community is actively using sustainable pavement options, such as extending pavement life to reduce life-cycle cost and work zones, increasing usage of recycled material, and industrial by-product, improving pavement surface characteristics for high skid resistance and low noise [1]. Open-graded friction course (OGFC) is a high permeable mixture used as a surface coat for good friction, and splash- and-spray reduction during rain storms. It decreases the potential for hydroplaning and improve visibility by reducing glare from standing water on pavement [2,3,4,5].
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