Abstract
The fifth-generation mobile networks (5G) will not only enhance mobile broadband services, but also enable connectivity for a massive number of Internet-of-Things devices, such as wireless sensors, meters or actuators. Thus, 5G is expected to achieve a 1000-fold or more increase in capacity over 4G. The use of the millimeter-wave (mmWave) spectrum is a key enabler to allowing 5G to achieve such enhancement in capacity. To fully utilize the mmWave spectrum, 5G is expected to adopt a heterogeneous network (HetNet) architecture, wherein mmWave small cells are overlaid onto a conventional macro-cellular network. In the mmWave-integrated HetNet, splitting of the control plane (CP) and user plane (UP) will allow continuous connectivity and increase the capacity of the mmWave small cells. mmWave communication can be used not only for access linking, but also for wireless backhaul linking, which will facilitate the installation of mmWave small cells. In this study, a proof-of-concept (PoC) was conducted to demonstrate the practicality of a prototype mmWave-integrated HetNet, using mmWave technologies for both backhaul and access.
Highlights
The fifth-generation mobile networks (5G) are expected to be deployed by 2020 and to be a primary source of Internet connection for the year 2020 and beyond
We focused on mmWave-integrated heterogeneous network (HetNet), in which novel mmWave technologies are introduced into traditional cellular networks [14,15]
level integration with IP security (IPsec) tunnel (LWIP) can be introduced into the existing wireless local area network (WLAN) infrastructure because the Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) and IPsec tunnels are transparent to the existing infrastructure
Summary
The fifth-generation mobile networks (5G) are expected to be deployed by 2020 and to be a primary source of Internet connection for the year 2020 and beyond. E-band (71–86 GHz) transceiver supporting 10-Gbps backhaul to enable centralized radio access networks (C-RANs) [41] This range of activity demonstrates the key role of mmWave technology in boosting the data rates of 5G systems. WiGig. the 3GPP LTE standards before Release 13 were designed for frequency bands below supports three distinct modulation methods: spread-spectrum, single-carrier (SC) and orthogonal. WiGig uses 2.16 GHz-wide continuous bands per channel for transmission and is capable of multioptional, suitable for relaxed power-consumption devices and more robust against multipaths than SC. SC modulation is IEEE 802.11ay 60-GHz WLAN [51] aims to support a maximum throughput of at least 20 Gbps on the mandatory and is suitable for low-power consumption devices because of the low peak-to-average medium access control (MAC) layer by spatial multiplexing or further improvement of MAC efficiency.
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