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Abstract
Simple SummaryThe development of cost-effective strategies that can be easily implemented on-farms is pivotal to promote a more judicious use of antimicrobials and its reduction in livestock industry. Indeed, inappropriate use of antimicrobials is linked to the phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance, a global health concern for both humans and animals. Studies on other food-producing species have confirmed the effectiveness of biosecurity measures on the reduction of antimicrobials, of while little is still known in beef production. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of quarantine as a strategy to reduce medications in beef production. This measure resulted to be a viable strategy to reduce antimicrobials in beef cattle without compromising animal health and performance. The reduction was evident especially with regards to treatments administered for respiratory diseases, indeed the bovine respiratory disease is one of the most detrimental health issues affecting beef cattle. Penicillins was the most used class of antimicrobials, highlighting the need for an urgent decrease of such broad-spectrum medications, known for their contribution to the development of resistance. Although implementing new strategies on-farm can be costly for farmers, the reduction of antimicrobials on the long term and the support from EU authority may help to overcome some initial disadvantage.Judicious antimicrobial stewardship in livestock industry is needed to reduce the use of antimicrobials (AMU) and the associated risk of antimicrobial resistance. Biosecurity measures are acknowledged for their role against the spread of diseases and the importance in reducing AMU in different species. However, their effectiveness in beef production has been scarcely considered. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the quarantine strategy on AMU in beef cattle. A total of 1206 Charolaise animals in five farms were included in the trial. Roughly half of the animals followed the standard procedure of the fattening cycle (no-quarantine; NO-QUA group) and half followed a 30-day period of quarantine (QUA group) since their arrival. Performance and antimicrobial data were recorded and a treatment incidence 100 (TI100it) per animal was calculated. Penicillins was the most used class of antimicrobials. Differences between groups were significant for males only, with NO-QUA group having greater TI100it (3.76 vs. 3.24; p < 0.05) and lower body weight at slaughter (713.4 vs. 723.7 kg; p < 0.05) than QUA group. Results suggest that quarantine strategy can reduce AMU in males without compromising their performance, whereas further investigation is needed for females.
Highlights
The importance of antimicrobials in animal production is well-known
Animal production is a major contributor to the increase of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) [3,4,5] highlighting the need of addressing antimicrobial use (AMU) in animal food-producing sectors
One of the most recognized indicators to estimate AMU is the treatment incidence 100 [14,15] which is calculated through the defined daily dose animal (DDDA)
Summary
The importance of antimicrobials in animal production is well-known. Since their discovery in the late 1940s, they have been essential to tackle infectious diseases, especially in intensive farming systems where pathogens are more likely to arise [1,2]. Management strategies reported in the literature for the livestock species include supplementation of diet with additives (e.g., essential oils and clay minerals), organic acids or probiotics [9,10,11], targeted vaccinations, and changes in husbandry practices [10,12]. These strategies will be pivotal to promote a more judicious AMU. One of the most recognized indicators to estimate AMU is the treatment incidence 100 [14,15] which is calculated through the defined daily dose animal (DDDA)
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