Promoting by Writing. The Role of Publication and Criticism in Shaping Graphic Design

Abstract

This article attempts to analyse and critically discuss the evolution of graphic design promotion with emphasis on the influence of theory, professional criticism and publications on the development and perception of the discipline. It analyses the history of design from the epoch of mechanised production and invention of typographic print, through the development of theory and practice of typography, to the contemporary discourses and practices of design. Particular attention is paid to key figures and publications, which have had significant influence on the development of graphic design, such as the works of Joseph Moxon, Pierre Simon Fournier, Jan Tschichold, Beatrice Warde, as well as the later periodicals – “Graphis”, “Neue Graphik” and “Projekt”. Moreover, the text presents how the development of design theories and practices have been accompanied by the need for criticism and reflection over the role a applied graphics in the society, as apparent from such manifestos as Ken Garland’s First Things First and the activity of magazines, e.g. “Emigre” and “Eye”. There is emphasis on the meaning of attitudes and areas of designer’s operations, as well as their influence on contemporary design practices. The analysis highlights that the promotion of graphic design is not limited to visual aspects, but also includes a broad cultural, educational and social context, underlying its diversity and complexity. As the results of the analysis demonstrate, the discipline constantly evolves, responding to changeable social and technological needs, which contributes to its dynamic development and adaptation. Keywords: design promotion, history of typography, design criticism, graphic design theory, design practices evolution