Promising elements of technologies on cultivating new varieties of leguminous crops in the conditions of central Russia

Abstract

The paper presents the results of two and three years of research on the effectiveness of organic and mineral complex fertilizers and their combination with protectants for pre-sowing treatment of seeds and vegetative plants of new varieties of lentils, chickpeas and soybeans. It is established that the use of the above-mentioned agrochemicals as foliar top dressing is promising and agroeconomically justified. Grain harvest increases depending on the crop: lentils - from 0.22 to 0.39 t/ha, chickpeas – from 0.2 to 0.61 t/ha, soybeans – from 0.18 to 0.24 t/ha providing income from 450 to 15860 thousand rubles/ha with the payback of fertilizers spent by grain, which is significantly higher than at applying complex fertilizers in rows.It was revealed that promising technique in the cultivation technology of lentil is used for pre-treatment of seeds growth stimulator Alfastim at a dose of 80 ml per 1 ton of seeds, and for the correction of mineral nutrition of lentils during the growing season with the foliar application method we should use agrochemicals LLC "Polydon Agro" the return on which (rubles/rubles) by 3.0–12.2 times more than when applying fertilizers to the soil.The expediency of pre-sowing treatment of chickpea seeds with a chemical protectant Scarlet, ME in combination with non-root top dressing with multicomponent mineral fertilizers of the Ultramag Combi type in the phase of 6-7 leaves of the crop providing effective protection against seed and soil infection and increasing (by 0.53-0.61 t/ha) grain yield was reliably established.It is shown that the use of the growth stimulator Alfastim in the processing of soybean seeds at a dose of 50 ml per 1 ton and the microfertilizer Polydon BIO in the budding phase at a dose of 1 l/ha provides a higher productivity of soybean plants with a level of profitability of 228-234% at low costs.