Promising Biosurfactant Produced byCunninghamella echinulataUCP 1299 Using Renewable Resources and Its Application in Cotton Fabric Cleaning Process

Rosileide F S Andrade,Thayse A L Silva,Adriana F Souza,Marcos A B Lima,Carlos Alberto Alves Da Silva,Daylin R Ribeaux,Galba M Campos-Takaki,Roberto A Lima,Dayana M Rodriguez

doi:10.1155/2018/1624573

Abstract

A biosurfactant was produced fromCunninghamella echinulatausing sustainable technology for cleaning and degreasing of cotton fabric impregnated with burned motor oil. The surface tension was 32.4 mN/m on a medium containing instant noodle waste (2%), corn steep liquor (2%), and postfrying oil (0.5%) with a carbon/nitrogen ratio of 30 : 1, yield of 6.0 g·L−1, emulsifier index of 81.4%, and dispersant property of 32.15 cm2. The biosurfactant produced is a glycolipid constituted by carbohydrate (47.7%) and lipids (50.0%). The structure was confirmed by GC-MS (stearic acid in predominance with mass of 298 m/z), FTIR spectroscopy (polysaccharides in bands between 1025 and 1152 cm−1and fatty acids in bands between 2057 and 3100 cm−1), 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectrum (carbohydrates in signal of 4.38 ppm and 77.0 ppm). The properties of cleaning and degreasing of burned engine oil in cotton fabric by biosurfactant ofC. echinulatawas evidenced by removal of 86% of oil. After use of the biosurfactant, the fibers were not damaged, which is important for structural integrity of cotton fabric after the wash. In addition, the biosurfactant did not show toxic effect. This study suggests that the biosurfactant fromC. echinulatacan be used in formulation of textile detergents, in particular for removal of hydrophobic residues from the automobile industry.

Highlights

Introduction eModern detergents are complex mixtures containing chemical surfactants, softeners, oxidizing agents, and various enzymes among other ingredients [1]. ey are contained in a wide range of industrial cleaning applications, including laundry detergents
The biosurfactant produced by C. echinulata in conditions described was tested in potential for form emulsions using hydrophobic substrates. e results showed the formation of oil-type emulsions in water (O/W) from burnt motor oil (81.4%), canola oil (64.0%), soybean oil (60.2%), and postfry oil (76.0%) as substrates. erefore, the data obtained suggest that C. echinulata is a promising fungus that can be used to produce this eco-friendly biomolecule
E most sought-after properties in this biomolecule are to reduce the surface tension below 40 mN/m [33] and to obtain an emulsifying capacity above 50% [34]. us, the values of surface tension and the Emulsification Index obtained by the biosurfactant of C. echinulata produced in the medium containing wastes (2% instant noodle waste (INW), corn steep liquor 2% CSL and waste postfry oil 0.5% with corresponding to 30: 1 (C/N) 30 : 1 ratio) were compared with those in the literature. is showed that the biosurfactant produced in this study is more effective at reducing the surface tension than either the biosurfactant produced by filamentous fungi or anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) chemically synthesized from petroderivatives (Table 3)

Summary

Introduction

Introduction eModern detergents are complex mixtures containing chemical surfactants, softeners, oxidizing agents, and various enzymes among other ingredients [1]. ey are contained in a wide range of industrial cleaning applications, including laundry detergents. E industrial wastewater stream containing surfactants that flows into environment is impacted by chemical compounds which are derived from petroleum, and they need strong efforts for the removal of contaminants polluting environment. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering context, the biosurfactants are promising amphiphilic compounds, which are natural and biodegradable, produced by microorganisms. E use of eco-friendly biosurfactants is more advantageous than using chemical surfactants because of their low toxicity, tolerance of extremes of temperature and pH, and high biodegradability. All, another advantage of them is the fact that they can be produced from renewable sources [8, 9]. Depending on the structure of biosurfactant, the interaction with the residue could be different [10, 11]

Methods

Results

Conclusion