Production of biosurfactants by Mucoralean fungi isolated from Caatinga bioma soil using industrial waste as renewable substrates

Thayná Rhomana Da Silva Cândido,Galba Maria De Campos-Takaki,Uiara Maria De Barros Lira Lins,Rafael De Souza Mendonça,Adriana Ferreira De Souza,Rosileide Fontenele Da Silva Andrade,Dayana Montero Rodriguez

doi:10.33448/rsd-v11i2.25332

Thayná Rhomana Da Silva Cândido, Galba Maria De Campos-Takaki + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i2.25332

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Abstract

In this work it was investigated the potential of Mucorales fungi isolated from the Caatinga of Pernambuco state for production of biosurfactants using renewable substrates. The strains (Mucor circinelloides UCP 0005, M. circinelloides UCP 0006 and Rhizopus arrhizus UCP 1609) were cultivated in alternative culture media consisting of instant noodle waste (INW), corn steep liquor (CSL) and post-frying soybean oil (PFSO), according to conditions established by a 23 full-factorial design (FFD). The production of biosurfactants was evaluated by determining surface tension and emulsification index (EI24) and statistical analysis was performed using Pareto diagram. The presence of the main sources of carbon and nitrogen in production medium was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. According to the results, the three fungi evaluated were able of produce biosurfactant in media containing renewable sources. However, the strain that showed the greatest reduction in surface tension (72 to 27 mN/m) was M. circinelloides UCP 0006 in condition 3 of the FFD (1% INW and 4% CSL, in absence of PFSO). The infrared analysis of the INW showed the presence of carbohydrates, fatty acids and proteins, proving that this is a suitable substrate for the cultivation of fungi. The biosurfactants produced by M. circinelloides UCP 0005 and M. circinelloides UCP 0006 were able to form water-in-oil emulsions and the biosurfactant from R. arrhizus UCP 1609 formed oil-in-water emulsions. The present study demonstrated that the three Mucorales fungi tested were able to produce biosurfactants from renewable sources, with emphasis on M. circinelloides UCP 0006.

Highlights

The Caatinga is biome unique of Brazil that has a wide variety of species and is the target of growing interest of industries for therapeutic purposes (Sá filho et al, 2021)
The strain that showed the greatest reduction in surface tension (72 to 27 mN/m) was M. circinelloides UCP 0006 in condition 3 of the full-factorial design (FFD) (1% instant noodle waste (INW) and 4% corn steep liquor (CSL), in absence of post-frying soybean oil (PFSO))
Significant values of surface tension were obtained by M. circinelloides UCP 0005 (29 mN/m) and R. arrhizus UCP 1609 (31 mN/m) in condition 7 (1% INW, 4% CSL and 1% PFSO)

Summary

Introduction

The Caatinga is biome unique of Brazil that has a wide variety of species and is the target of growing interest of industries for therapeutic purposes (Sá filho et al, 2021). The main properties of potent biosurfactants are emulsifying and solubilizing capacity, reduction of surface tension and interfacial activity These properties are already widely applied in industrial area as wetting, solubilizing and foaming substances, among others (Antunes et al, 2013). The advantage of using biosurfactants in relation to the chemical surfactants is the low toxicity, biodegradability and synthesis from renewable and low-cost substrates (Pacwa-Plociniczak et al, 2011) In this context, the ability of microorganisms in bioconvert industrial residues for the production of biosurfactants is a sustainable alternative, as it meets the environmental demand by reuse of industrial residues reducing the process costs, making the process attractive and easy to industrial employ (Rivera et al, 2019; Oliveira et al, 2020)

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