Promising antifungal behavior of biosynthesized bimetallic silver-copper oxide nanoparticles and Bacillus safensis against some strawberry rots

Abstract

Promising nanomaterials combined with beneficial microbes contributed to bio-modulations that might increase yields. In order to combat several fungal infections that invade strawberries (Fragaria ananassa), this study assessed the interactions between the synthesized CuO NPs, bimetallic Ag–CuO NPs, and Bacillus safensis (BS-22) under various treatment circumstances. The effectiveness of BS-22, CuO NPs, and bimetallic Ag–CuO NPs against four different pathogens that cause gray mold disease and root rot on strawberry plants was determined. It was possible to successfully extract twenty-four endophytic bacterial isolates from hygienic strawberry plants that were indigenous. BS-22 isolate, which produced the most hydrogen cyanide (HCN), siderophores, gibberellic acid (GA3), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), was identified molecularly as Bacillus safensis. The most extensively studied treatments (foliar CuO NPs at 200 ppm + foliar Ag–CuO NPs at 200 ppm + BS-22) decreased the frequency and severity of black root rot disease in strawberry plants. Foliar CuO NPs (50 ppm) + foliar Ag–CuO NPs (50 ppm) showed significant increase of the total suspended solids (TSSs), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) content, and the total polyphenols content compared to the control and other treatments. The same treatment recorded the highest value in all characters of cell wall components except lignin character where BS-22 treatment had the best effect. All tested treatments significantly decreased disease incidence and severity when strawberry fruit stored at 22 °C ± 2 for 25 days on average. According to this study, foliar CuO NPs (200 ppm) + foliar Ag–CuO NPs (200 ppm) + BS-22 (as a soil drench) might be used as a substitute for gray mold and root rot diseases in strawberry development and biocontrol.